Távol-Kelet



Archipelago

Pagoda
A pagoda is the general term in the English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common in Nepal, India, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma and other parts of Asia. Some pagodas are used as Taoist houses of worship. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most commonly Buddhist, and were often located in or near temples. This term may refer to other religious structures in some countries.
In Vietnam and Cambodia, due to French translation, the English term pagoda is a more generic term referring to a place of worship, although pagoda is not an accurate word to describe a Buddhist temple. The modern pagoda is an evolution of the Ancient Nepal stupa, a tomb-like structure where sacred relics could be kept safe and venerated. The architectural structure of the stupa has spread across Asia, taking on many diverse forms as details specific to different regions are incorporated into the overall design.

Cseresznyevirágzás
Urui River offers one of best scenic views of cherry blossoms and Mt.Fuji with the beautiful stream of river, and it’s extremely popular among photographers during the season.

Japán uri
Uri shaki = a point in Japan
Uri shima = an islet
Uridani Yama = a mountain
Urikai kawa = a river
Urikari = a village (Urikura, Uriri, Urisaka, Uritsura, Uro, Urubeshi, Uruchi, Urumi...)
Maya san = a mountain.
Maura = a village
Heguri = a village
Heta = a village
Haji Ga Ura = a bay
Hon ura = a village
Hon Shima = an island

Az URI szótag a japán nyelvben általában a kereskedelemmel kapcsolatos kifejezésekben található. "uritate=sale". Urisugi jokyo= hosszú piac. "urisabakisho= shop, store".
Hukuura > Fukuura. Hunakawa > Funakawa. Hutami > Futami. H > F shift.

Baszkoknál a víz az úr: Uri (ainu) = Meaning: to steep, soak. Az ainu "kina=grass". "sapa=head". (sapka a sámán fejfedője)
LEXICAL SYNAESTHESIA
Nyelv
A turk nyelvekből "urt=hosszú" és "urt khorkhoi= long worm". The Uryankhai people “have two Qairaqans: one heavenly thunderer named Qairaqan-Qudai, and another one, living on earth in the forest (i.e. bear).
For example, qayiraqan ?urban erdeni ‘Oh, the gracious Three Jewels!’, qayiraqan, yaƔutai sayiqan ‘Oh, how beautiful!’, yaɤutai qayiraqan ‘What a pity!’ (Lessing 1960: 914).

Japanese-English

MADARA, a. Spotted, dappled, marked face. MAMA-CHICHI, n. Stepfather. MAMA-HAHA, n. Stepmother. MAN-JU, n. A round cake made of wheat hand-ball. NADE, n. A broom. birth. (natalis?). PIRI-PIRI, adv. In a pricking, burning, SAI-GEN (kagiri), n. Bound, limit. - SAI-TAN, a. The first day of the year. SOBA, n. Side, the place near, adjoining. SHIO, n. Salt. TAI-WA, n. Talking face to face. WA, n. A ring, wheel, circle; a hoop. YA, n. An arrow. BUDO. n. Grapes.

Dissertation
MELON: MK wo:y ‘melon’ ~ OJ uri ‘melon’. pKJ *ore ‘melon’. (Martin 1966: 140, MELON; Whitman 1985: #337). I reconstruct OJ uri as *ore with mid-vowel raising *ore > uri, which explains the presence of the liquid before palatal i. Proto-Korean *ore undergoes palatalization of *ore > *orje > *oje > MK wo:y with final vowel loss. Alternatively, *ori may be the correct reconstruction if retention of *ri is an irregular development in Japanese.
MOON: MK tól ‘moon’ ~ OJ tukwi / tuku-, pJ *tukoj ‘moon’. pKJ *t?kor ‘moon’. (Whitman 1985: #66; Whitman 2012). pKJ *t?kor > *tukor (labialization of *?) > pJ *tukoj; pKJ *t?kor > pre-MK *toGol (light harmony, lenition) > MK tól. See Unger
MK tól ‘moon’ cannot come from pre-MK *tolol or *tolal or the expected form would be **tolo. If MK tól ‘moon’ were disyllabic in pre-MK, then the only internally valid source would be *toGol with medial lenition of a velar, as *p, *t and *s are ruled out.

Tükör: Basque: is-pilu. Xhosa: isipili. Swahili: kioo. Latin: speculum. Urdu : áína. Turkish : ay-na. Farsi: áyeneh. Kannada: kannaďi. Greenlandic: tarrarsuut. Hausa: madubi. Karelian: zir-kalo. Udmurt: zerkal. Kazakh: ayna. Kongo: talatala.
Etimologia: ősszláv: tykr. mai csuvas töker (‘tükör, üveg, szemüveg’). Ez a török nyelvekben általános, ‘kerek, kerék’ jelentésű szavak (csagatáj tekir, oszmán, azeri teker) körébe tartozik. Tókör? Ezoteria. Feltehetően az első tükrök a vizesedények voltak. A víz számos nyelven "tó, tü". Az edények szája általában kör alakú volt. Spilázzuk meg a pillanat szavunkat! Két szempillacsukódás közötti rövid idő. The Latin word for "hair = pilus". pre-Hellenic origin? Mongol "tükör=toli". Vajon mások a bronztükörről asszociáltak a holdra ?

Kinship in the Altaic World
ori-ko "weaver" < ori "weaving; or uri-ko "salesman" < uri "sale, selling"
Ainu meko 'cat': OT mači, Tat meče, Hun: macska.
Chibi 'very small person; dwarf' [csipisz? csipp-csöpp.] A kínai törpe: ay-rén.
Tatar "chorna+(v)+ich > winder"
Turkic "alma+s+i > his/her apple"

Ainu language
mountain – nupuri
water – wakka
lake - to. Japanese: " Kita=North". Kínai "yunnan (viet nam)=déli hold"

Samani Dialect of Ainu
pon sita -> poy sita 'puppy' (boy, poika)
'an-'e - 'we eat'

paye [paje] 'to go' (the Chitose dialect)
Samani dialects, uses the form 'an-e-, instead of 'eci-.
horn (S. K) kiraw (Y. 0.) kiraw (LH), kirawehe (LLLH): yuk kirawehe 'horn of a deer'
eye (S. K) sih (Y. 0.) sihi (LH)
hand (S. K) teh (Y. 0.) tel, (IT), teke (LL): tel;; parawrehe 'hand'
path (S. K) ru (Y. 0.) ru (H): tanne ru 'long road'

szikok sziget, Osaka.
A szigetek száma Á. partjai körül jelentékeny; egyesek olyan nagyok, hogy külön országot is alkothatnak. A nagyobbak Eszakon Uj-Szibéria és Wrangel-föld, K-en a Kurilok hosszú sora, a Szakhalin, a négy Japán-sziget (Jeszo, Nipon, Szikok és Kiusziu), a Lucsu vagy Lieu-Kiu szigetek Formosa, Hainan; DK-en a Nagy- és Kis-Szunda, Filippi-és Molukki-szigetek, melyek 38 hosszúsági és 30 szélességi fokon terjedvén el, magukban is külön világot alkotnak; D-en a Nikobarok és Andamanok, Cejlon, a Maledivák és Lakkadivák; végre Ny-on a Sporadok (l. az illető nevek alatt egyenként). A modern Shikoku sziget nagy városa Kochi. Shikoku was divided into four regions – hence the name shi (four) and koku (region). Régi neve Lyo sziget ill. Futana sziget volt. Az Uradó öböl nagy városa Kochi. Shikaku a moden japánban "assassin" jelentésű.

India Kocsija neve egyesek szint a Cohen (pap) szó változata. Japán Shikoku szigetén 88 templom van és a sziget zarándokhely. -chira=direction. ko-=this. kochira= this way.

Sakishima szigete Japán legdélebbi szigetcsoportjának (Ryukyu) tagja. Sakurajima.
Okinawan vocabulary corresponds more closely with the kun-yomi ("native Japanese") reading for a kanji such as would have been used more commonly in classical Japanese, rather than the on-yomi ("Chinese-style") reading used more commonly today in modern Japanese.

Sula-wesi
Sula-wesi, alias Cele-bes a wiki "tudósai" szerint a "sula=sziget" (karóbahúzás) és a "wesi < besi" (vas) (maláj nyelv) név összevonásából származik. Portugáloknál pedig Illa berek, náda kerek... Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi (blacksmith, malay lang.) Islands in southeast Sulawesi in Indonesia. De lehet, hogy a magyarok nyelvéből jött, mert Borneo és Celebesz, magyar volt és magyar lesz. Valamiért nekem inkább a "celeb=égi" és a "bos=Hold" szavak ugranak be. Mivel a térségben a "het=7".
The boundaries of the park are defined by the Palolo Valley to the north, Napu Valley to the east and Bada Valley to the south. The western boundary is formed by a series of narrow valleys, known collectively as the Kulawi Valley. The Palolo, Napu, Lindu and Besoa valleys were once lakes, now partially filled with sediment. Lake Lindu (Danau Lindu) is the only large lake remaining today. Lindu is an Austronesian language of Central Sulawesi. (Lindu= Finn madár, finnugorász lúd. Malájföldön földrengés.) Lindu nyelven a szárny (wing) "kapi".

Celtic
[Welsh meddyglyn, from Middle Welsh, medicinal drink, potion (later influenced in meaning by Welsh medd, mead) : meddyg, doctor, physician (from Latin medicus, from mederi, to heal; see med- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots) + llyn, drink, liquor (from Proto-Celtic *lindo-, *lindu- (exact preform uncertain; compare Old Irish lind, drink, liquid, ale, and Gaulish plural noun linda, drinks), of unknown origin).]

Austral

Kawa = River

A környező nyelvekben a "kawa = üst, wok". Érdekes, tele van a globus holdfolyóval (Nil, Mekong), csak a japánoknál nincs ? Unga= canal, waterway, channel, watercourse. Kasen= river. Taiga= river, stream. Hétún= fish, fugu, globefish, swell-fish, blow fish

Wa from japanese language
"Watashi" means I, and "wa" (spelled =ha in Japanese but pronounced and usually romanized wa) indicates the topic of the sentence.
Ga-Wa:
“ga” tells us the subject of the verb; that is, who or what performs the action.
“wa” marks the topic of the sentence; it tells us what we are talking about. “wa” is effectively used in place of “ga” to define Taro as the topic.
The Old japanese wa may possibly be cognate with PMo *ba, öre,*örö, OTK *si respectively.
The etymology of JA' ‘water’ with a long vowel /ha:/ in Maya glyphs, compared with *kaba ‘river’ with a high accent /ba/ in Old Japanese. Joka?

John R. Bentley: English: castle - Paekche *kuy - OJ kiy. English hawk - Paekche *kuti - OJ kuti. English village - Paekche *suki - OJ sukyi. (Ma a "Suki=to love" ill. "tsuki=Moon") Engawa = veranda. < Japanese, equivalent to en edge, veranda (< Middle Chinese, equivalent to Chinese yuán) + -gawa combining form of kawa (earlier kafa) side. Edagawa = tributary.
Kawasaki: Kawa=river. Saki=cut. Rivervalley. Vagy vándorok folyója?

The Kappa (river child)
The Kappa is one of many Suijin (water kami, water deities) in Japanese mythology. Suijin are supernatural beings found in lakes, ponds, springs, wells, and irrigation waterways.
Although the kappa is attracted to some foods of the uri, or melon, grouping - such as kyuri and kabocha - it is clear that it has an aversion to hyotan (gourds), which are also of the melon group. (A koreai nyelvben "uri = ázott, nedves". /soak, to steep/)
The word “kappa”, when translated into English, means river child. The etymology behind this lies in the words “kawa” which means river in Japanese, and “wappa”, stemming from “warawa” which means child. The Kappa Monster’s Favorite Food: Cucumber.

Folyó
Pi-nay (‘pebble river’ in Ainu) appears in Tohoku as Hi-nai in the Japanized pronunciation. Japanized form, half translated to Japanese, nay ‘river’ > -sawa/zawa or -kawa/gawa, e.g., Hi-sawa, Higawa. [Ho= folyó Kínában. Lásd: Huang-ho. A "nádi" indiai szó a folyóra.]

Wa, mint Japan neve (Ci-pan-gu)
Before Nihon came into official use, Japan was known in China as Wa or Wakoku. The name was first used during the third-century Three Kingdoms period, and can be translated as "dwarf" or "submissive". Japanese scribes found fault with its offensive connotation, and in the native name for Japan, Yamato, the character for Wa was replaced with the homophone ("peaceful, harmonious"). Wa was often combined with ("great") to form the name, which is read as Yamato. Japán etimológia

Névrokon Hegylakók
The Wa are a mountain people that live in southwest Yunnan (Déli Hold) along the border with Myanmar (Barma). They live in a well defined homeland called A Wa Shan, in the southern part of the rugged, wet Nu Shan Mountains between the Lancang Liang River and the Salween River. The Wa call themselves the Va, Pa rauk, and A va’all of which mean “a people who reside in the mountain." They were called Hala, "Hawa", and "Kawa" in history, which means "people living in mountains". The name "Wa" was fixed by the Chinese government in 1962.[Kawa,Wa - Japán ugrik be. Hawa- Hawaii, Hawasupai. Hala - sinhala.]

Continental

Farkas: Turk: kurt. Dolgan: boerue. Karaim: boerue. Karakalpak: boeri. Turkmen: bori. Tuva: boerue. Uyghur: boere. Ainu: harkeu. Algonquin – mahigan. Cree – Mahigan. Arabic – the’eb. Mongolian: chon. Avar: bac'. Kryz: eb. Apache: chato. Hopi: mansi. A farkas egyetlen hasznos része a bőre, amelyből a téli bunda készült. Sok nyelven a BŐR alapján nevezhették el a farkast. [Bőr, böre, bura, borít.- BARlang, BARakk? - BARna, VARna? - PŐRE? Föd. PARaván, ami PALástol.]

Kamcsatka népei
Itelmans, Koryaks, Chukchies, Aluti, Ayni, Ayvens, Kamchadals.
As to Itelmans , their name can be translated as “living here”. [Itt élő emberek].
Út Amerikába Mintegy 3000 km a hó birodalmában. Úttalan utakon, hátukon az élelmiszer raktárral. Szerintem erre csak egy totális éghajlat változás előtt kerülhetett sor. Mert a viziút kényelmesebb és gyorsabb, s a hajó cipeli az ellátmányt. Amerikai kapcsolat. M45a, which is found throughout the Americas, and M45b, which incorporates the M173 variant and is concentrated in North and Central America. In Siberia, M45a haplotypes, including the direct ancestor of haplogroup M3, are concentrated in Middle Siberia, whereas M45b haplotypes are found in the Lower Amur River and Sea of Okhotsk regions of eastern Siberia.
History

Yakut gene
89 % az N3a y hg nemzet része. A többiek: C3, N2, R1a1.
A Swadesh lista alapján nem sok közünk volt a szibériai őslakosokhoz.

Japan nevét Wa-ról Nippon-ra változtatták AD 670 táján. Wa. Chinese, Korean, and Japanese scribes regularly wrote Wa or Yamato “Japan” with the Chinese character which is thought to be synonymous with Yamatai until the 8th century. Wa was formed by combining two pictograms: rice plant and open mouth.
Koreát a Silla királyság egyesítette, s vált Silla nyelve dominánssá. (Silla, Paekche, Kaya.) Még az egysesítés előtt Koguryo akkora nyomást gyakorolt Sillára, hogy az védő falat húzott az ország északi határára. Mondjuk, ez egy később épült fal. Mert több is létezik.

History: Gold crowns and jewellery of all kinds were made using goldwork techniques such as wiring and granulation. Jade, often carved into crescent moon shapes, was a popular form of embellishment for these glittering adornments.
Things were still going well in the 7th century CE for Goguryeo when their general Ulchi Mundok won a great victory at the battle of the Salsu River in 612 CE, defeating a massive invading Chinese Sui army. Two more attacks were defeated, and a 480-km (300 miles) long defensive wall was built in 628 CE so as to deter any further Chinese ambitions. A Kelet legszebb koronáit, legérdekesebb kunhalmait Korea területén találjuk.

Daru: Albanian: vinç (mint a kapu). Latvian: celtnis. Sesotho: serethe. Udmurt: turi. Mint láthatjuk, több nyelvben is egy a töve a kapu és a daru szónak.

Crane Szállnak a darvak.
Much the same story appears in the Iliad of Homer. From this legend perhaps came the Greek name geranos or gereunos for cranes.
Aristotle and other early Greek writers believed that the feathers of cranes changed color with age. Thus, as humans age from black to gray and finally to white, so too were cranes thought to change from black through yellow to white.
Plutarch stated that the birds stand their watch like Hercules, who leaned with his head and hand upon his club. Thus the crane stands on one leg and holds a stone in the claws of the other foot, so that if sleep should overtake the bird, it would drop the stone, awakening itself and the other sleeping birds (Topsell, 1972).
In Chinese tradition the crane is a common symbol of longevity, and the soul of the dead is often represented as riding to heaven on a crane's back. Likewise in Chinese tradition, old pine trees sometimes tuln into cranes, since both are long-lived, and the two are often associated in both Chinese and Japanese art (Armstrong, 1979; Rowland, 1979).

A Távol-Keleten: proto-Korean "tark = madár". Szinte turk. A kapuk népe a madarak? Urdu "tark = kis madár". Pulyka: It may be "hindi" in Turkey, but in Hindi it's tarki. Poya (Hold), talán a félhold szerű farktolla után. Ko. tark 'fowl': This animal name is one of the evidence of contact of Turkic and Korean in the earlier period. In Turkic, ancient Uighur text has the word in the form of takïƔu meaning 'a domestic fowl'. Etymology Naver regards it as an abbreviation of yoseseki 'gather-seat'. seki 'seat' [szék] segg < szegett.
Madarak: Abu: ungaraka. Malayalam: paksi. Western Mari: kek. Aleut: sax. Armenian: havk'. Mocheno: vougl. Baluchi: murg. Nepali: carā. Nogai: kus. Japanese: tori, chörui. Kannada: hakki. Buginese: "dongi=bird".

Disszertáció. Dongi
Middle Mongol represented in Yiyu even during the relatively late period of Ming epoch (harban, hon, heli’e, hüker, huimusu, heki, hüsü, helige etc.). In certain cases a secondary initial f- appears which – just like the initial h- – is unknown in classical written Mongolian, but well known from the contemporary peripheral and archaic Mongol languages (Yiyu fula’an, Zhiyuan yiyu hula , Hua Yi yiyu hula’an, written Mongolian ulaan, Khalkha ulaan, Dahur hulan, Monguor fulan/xula, Baoan fula etc.; cf. also fula’ana, füni, fünege).

takia 530. (ta-qia Chin. ji) „chicken, fowl” ‘Phags-pa t’ak’iya, MNT takiya ¤il „the year of the cock”, KdG/Ligeti taqia, Hy takiya, MA taqi’a, NY tiko, Ligeti 1962, 66 taaqu, Ramstedt/KalmWb taka(n), TMEN  861, Dah. di, Yogor daqa/da­Ga, Mgr. tGau, Baoan t­a, Khal, taxiyaa(n), Manchu coko, Hung. tyúk TESz, Mong. takiya. A magyar "tyúk" említésével a himalájai "tuk" szót is leírhatták volna. A mother hen calling her chicks to food uses a series of tuk, tuk, tukking noises similar . Kyrgyz: took. Azerbaijani: toyuq.

Tibetan
The languages that I consider in this paper, for indtance, have words such as SAL, SAN, JAN, all meaning SUN, and the phonological correspondences that relate the sounds of these words are paralelled in other sets of word.
Dongi Madár ország
A Kína korai történelmét a Shihchi, a Houhanshu s a Sankuoshih krónikákból ismerjük, melyeket nem a bencések hamisítottak. Japán első ismert krónikája a Kiujiki a korai 7. századból. Továbbá a Kojiki és a Nihongi. Korea történelme a 10. század után írott művekből ismert (Samguksagi, Samgukyusa).
Kínában a Dongi a kelet területek összes népét takarta. Kínai szemmel a barbár világ. Mandzsuriától a japán szigetekig tartó terület.
“The people of Wa dwell in the middle of the ocean on the mountainous islands southeast of [the prefecture of] Tai-fang….To reach Wa from the prefecture, one sails along the coast, passing the land of Han….To the south, also, there is the island of the dwarfs, where the people are three or four feet tall. This is over four thousand li distant from the Queen’s land. Then there is the land of naked men, as well as that of the black-teethed people. [These places] can be reached by boat if one travels southeast for a year” (Goodrich 1951: 8-13).

Nap-Hold
rì yuè = the sun and moon
Rì yuè tán = Sun and moon lake (e.g. Dalian, Taiwan etc)
rì yuè yùn = halo; ring of light around the sun or moon



Pesti István 2020 november


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