Távol-Kelet


Mongol vidék

Bogd-An (szent isten)
By 1911, when the Chinese Revolution broke out, unrest was widespread in Mongolia. In December the Manchu amban was ordered to leave, the Javzandamba was proclaimed the Bogd Khan (“Holy King”), and he declared the independence of Mongolia—Inner Mongolia and Tannu Tuva (Tyva), as well as Outer Mongolia. Also at that time, the Bogd Khan’s capital, Ikh Khüree (“Great Monastery”), was renamed Niislel Khüree (“Capital Monastery”).

Fegyverek
The bow was a Mongol warrior's most important weapon. Skill with the bow was vital in both hunting for survival and for victory on the battlefield. Mongol archers were known for both their accuracy and range as will be reflected in the shoots in this division. Kharvaa translates to Archery. Kharvaach is an Archer.

Genghis
Weatherford also undermines his own efforts by dabbling in linguistic matters. This is demonstrated on several occasions. Indeed, it is evinced most obviously in his rationale for using the name Genghis Khan rather than the more proper Mongolian form, Chinggis Khan. This reviewer takes issue with this on two points. In the academic community, Chinggis is the accepted spelling. As a member of academia, Weatherford should raise the bar and use this form over an incorrect spelling, even for a general audience. Why perpetuate this inaccuracy? Furthermore, he states that Genghis is the Persian spelling (p. 287). This also is incorrect. The Persian sources from the period do not use a "g" or a "gh", but rather a "ch" letter. Is this a minor point? Perhaps, but is also raises some concern about Weatherford's accuracy when he clearly does know the language he is discussing. In relation to Mongolian, Weatherford states that the title "Chinggis Khan", means strong, firm, fearless. In this instance, he is correct as Chinggis comes from the middle Mongolian "ching"; Weatherford uses the modern Mongolian equivalent of "chin" which could be confusing to some readers. However, Weatherford then associates it with the Mongolian word for wolf, "chino", which was also the male ancestor of the Mongols (the female ancestor was a deer). Weatherford's lack of familiarity with Mongolian is apparent as while the words are somewhat similar, they bare no relation other than that a "chino" could be described as "ching".

Buddhist
A Ching dinasztia az újkor manchu származású kínai uralkodó családja. Nevük pénzt is jelent, mert a fémpénzek összeütődése csilingelő, csengő hangot adott.
Erkün ?
The importance of Ergune-kun period in the history of the Mongols was in the fact that a group from Darlekin tribe started to form, it appeared to be the ethnic basis current Mongolian people. The base of that group was Chino tribe (‘Nukuz’ in the ‘Chronicle Collection’) and new tribes formed from it, where uryanhat and hungirat are often mentioned. Az örmények (arameans) nevezték a tűzimádókat "erkarmatean =kétgyökerű" jelzővel ("erku=2", armen. Erku-armat.). The text goes on to insist that the doctrines of Mani are also dualistic (erkarmatean, lit. "double-root").

Farkas
There are three cultural subgroups within the Kalmyk nation: Turguts, Durbets (Durwets), and Buzavs (Oirats, who joined Russian Cossacks, else we can find some villages of Hoshouts and Zungars. The 'Durbets' subgroup includes the Chonos tribe (literally meaning a tribe of the Wolf, other names - Shonos, Chinos, A-Shino or A-Chino), which is considered to be one of the most ancient tribes in the world, dating back to 6th to 11th century.
Kalmyks [xal’mög] are descendants from the Oirat tribes (mostly Torghut and Dorbet) that due to the internal political pressure in 1616 were forced to emigrate from their original homeland (Jungharia). [Vajon ez a xal'mög egy "Hold mag"? Ay-mag? An aimag originally a Mongolian word meaning "tribe", OT *aymak.] Ossetian: "kalm=snake". Estonian: "madu=snake". Mongolian: "mogoj=snake". Az aymoqi egy üzbég télálló (vermelve) szőlőfajta.

Udish
The Mongolic Languages - Szerkesztette: Juha Janhunen
udur "day" (<*ödür), end "here" (<*ende) , jau "hundred" (<*jaxu/n), xujuu "neck" (<*küjüxü), orj "nursing bottle" (<*ugji), galy "fire" (<*gal.i), myangg "Thousand" (<*mingga/n),. The weak segments b g are , however, voiced and spirantized intervocally and syllable-finally, as in debel- "to advance" (<*debül- "to spout"), gwareb "three" (<*gurba/n), cigaan "white" (<*cagaxan), eg "mother" (<*eke).
dawaa = hágó. sau "to sit" (<*saxu-). emeel = saddle. ail "village (<*ayil).

Minroz is the dynastic monarchy of the Menggu (Mongolic), Ishvarrian (Iranic) and Jongguon (Chinese) people, three groups which have gradually become synonymous with each other and controls virtually the entire continent of Yazhou.

The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur szerző: Abdurishid Yakup
Kapu, ajtó: tumun (LükY) door < Chinese tao-men. qovuq door, gate OT kapig. SayK: el'mun/ pumun = duble-winged door. [Az orosz ködön (tuman) túl keleten a tümen "tízezer" jelentéssel is bír.]
Pän (Tur) wooden plate < Chinese ban. Medan (LükD) public place, plaza < Ar/Per maydän < Russ maidan (square). ishtä- (LükD, Mur) to search SU izdä-, istä-nnä 'Search for (them)". i:ssiq (SayK) hot. ilqa (Yor) horse. ba: (Yang) rich. barga young sheep. SayK: medä = chest (Pers. mi'da. Metal medal?).

Rajki András mongol szótárából:
chömög : marrow [OM timügen] (v.mi veleje) Csömöge szavunk ma nem éppen csemege.
haalga : doorway [OM qaghalga path, cp. Tuv haalga gate] (kapu) > beqa > heqa > hakenkreuz
mod : tree [OM modun, cp. Man moo, Eve moo, Chi mu] (fa)
van : king [Chi wang] (király)
chono : wolf [OM tinua, cp. Tabgach *chino (ch'i-nu) (Doerfer 1992, 45) [Farkaskapu v. fekete farkas a Kara-chono?] (farkas)
höh : breast [OM kökün, Kal köken, cp. Tur göghüs, Kyr kökürök, OT *köküz, Man huhun, Eve ukun and hiken, Jap kokoro heart, Kog *kor (Itabashi 2003, 143) (csöcs, mell)]

még Rajki
Chino is Mongolian word for wolf (farkas)
Chino is a Spanish proper word for "Chinese", also used informally to refer to people with Asian features who are not actually Asian.
Honalapítók
A professzor állítását – miszerint a kínai civilizációt valójában egyiptomi bevándorlók alapították – az is alátámasztani látszik, hogy az általa korábban radiometrikus eljárással megvizsgált kínai bronzleletek kémiai összetétele sokkal inkább hasonlított az egyiptomi, mintsem a kínai bronzra. Pir amish Fuxian-tó, Kína.

Kínai képek
Eagle-shaped gold crown. This collection was produced during the Warring States period and unearthed from the Hunnu grave in Hangjinqi, Shouthern Mongolia. At the top of the Crown is an eagle spreading its wings, and in the middle is a painting of four wolves, four sheep, a tiger, sheep and horsey. The technological level of this gold crown is high. It represents the highest level of precious metal manufacturing technology of Hunnu in the Warring States period. Tájképek.

Kína egyesül
Az ősi feljegyzések szerint előfordult, hogy Kína egyszerre több ezer államnak adott otthont. A késői Zhou-dinasztia idejében csak pár száz állam volt, és ez tovább csökkent kb. száznegyvenre a Tavasz és Ősz korszakban. A hadviselő államok korában Zhou utolsó éveiben csak hét állam maradt fent. Az államok vezetői önhatalmúlag királyoknak képzelték magukat, és figyelmen kívül hagyták az erőtlen Zhou uralkodó rendeleteit.

Keletebbre

House = fáng, wü.
Latin vicus, greek oikos, sanskrit vic =dwellin place, gothic weihe, indián wigwam. Vidéki lak.

Dzsungar - züni
The name Dz-ungaria is a corruption of the Mongolian term "Züün Gar" or "Jüün Gar" depending on the dialect of Mongolian used. "Züün"/"Jüün" means "left" (Baran=right) and "Gar" means "hand". The name originates from the notion that the Western Mongols are on the left hand side when the Mongol Empire began its division into East and West Mongols. After this fragmentation, the western Mongolian nation was called "Zuun Gar". Today, the cradle of this former nation retains its name: Zungaria. [Hasonlóan a S-ungari folyó sem a népé. A mongol GAR megegyezik a magyar KAR szóval, de a GER = HÁZ (jurta) jelentésű is. A "dzsungar= balszárny" és a "Barangar=jobb szárny". Berengár?]

Musk - egy őzféle
The name, originated from Sanskrit muská meaning "testicle," has come to encompass a wide variety of substances with somewhat similar odors although many of them are quite different in their chemical structures. They include glandular secretions from animals other than the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar odors. Sanskrit muská via Middle Persian mušk, Late Greek móschos, Late Latin muscus, Middle French musc and Middle English muske, hints at its trade route.

Tai - a nagy hegy.
Az 5 taoista szent hegy egyike Shandong-ban (Keleti-hegység) található. Északról Qi, délről Lu állam határolta a Tai Shan-t.

Korea - származás
The origin of the Korean script is totally different from the origin of the spoken language.
Hwan-In ("Huan Yin," Eternal Causer), the King of Heaven, was asked by one of his younger sons Hwan-Ung to be sent down to earth to govern his own land. Taebaek-san) [Great White Mountain] as the best site, opened heaven (Gae Cheon Jeol) and sent down his son to benefit humanity (hongik-ingan).
The bear-woman, Ung-Nyeo, (szok-nyeo?) was very grateful and made offerings to Hwan-Ung at the stone altar by the sacred sandalwood tree on the peak. She had no husband, however, and prayed for a son. Hwan-Ung was moved by her prayers to transform himself as a human man, and mated with her.
A mongol nyelvben a "fiú=khuu", ami a finnugorászoknak nem lehet meglepetés, hiszen a gyermek számtalan nyelven (kil, kele) kapcsolódik a Holdhoz. A "Chang-nyeo= whore" szintén más nyelvekben is hasonló. Gungnyeo literally means 'palace women'. Uinyeo literally means "medicine women". Jamnyeo (diving woman). Gilnyeo "férfi női szerepben" (köcsög).

Middle Korean
Middle Korean (M.K.) kal- ‘to change’ ~ Manchu (Ma.) hala- ‘to exchange, to change’ (Lee and Ramsey 2011: 25). Apart from the notice that MK form is kól-, not *kal- (Nam 1997: 237), this comparison was addressed at greater length in Vovin (2013). [Vajon a KAL itt hasonló a TŰZ = ELD > ÁLD = CHANGE sorhoz?] Szó lista Korean
seed = ssi. [Macskássy > Macskafi.]
pu.ok = korean kitchen [Konyha. A pókhasra asszociálok]

A koreai nyelvben p'ung jelentése "szél (wind)". Ugyanez Kínában feng,a magyaroknál kissé eltérő jelentéssel fing (fart). Ez utóbbi jelentősen eltér méretben a Tai Fung (nagy szél) szótól.
Az OKorean "chong" jelentése "bell/csöngő". A környéken a gong kong, ami harang is, amit megkongatnak. [Persian: zang. Sorani: zeng. Vietnamese: chuông. Mandarin: zhöng.] Már Sajnovics páternak is feltűnt anno, hogy számos mandarin szó fellelhető a magyarban, miként finn is. Csak ő nem hallott még a besenőkről és azok vándorlásáról.

Konglish
ai – (sounds like eye) means child (Ay turk Moon)
soli – (similar to sorry) means sound. No soli say, mond nothing..:-)
mun – (sounds like moon) means door. Mán-chu?
ki-seu – means kiss. Küss mich a száddal.:-)

Déli Hold
The Yue or Viet, ancient non-Han tribes in Southern China and Northern Vietnam. (Nam Viet Under the Trieu dynasty 207-11 B.C.) NGUYET: Vietnamese name meaning moon. Viet is the name of the people, which covers the 54 different ethnic groups in the country. Nam means South. Viet Nam means the Viet people living in the South. Babyname: Hang originates in Vietnamese language and it means "moon". Nam Viet (vietnamese), or Nan Yüeh (chinese) meaning "Southern Yüeh". Vietnamese: măt trăng {má csán} =Moon. A thai Hold fülem szerint valami "ta chán".

Őszi fesztivál
As for the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival in Vietnam, it's totally different from the Chinese legend (Chang E Flying to the Moon).
The Korean Language. szerző: Ho-Min Sohn
Vocabulary
Village/falu plain: Manchu "falga", Mongolian "ail", Turkish "al" and Korean "pöl".
Manchu "fulgije=to blow/Fúj".
MK "alaj=below/alatt"; Evenki "alas=leg/láb", O.Turk "al=below".
Early korean "tol=moon" > Dravidian "til=moon". /Til, dil, kil, kele > mond dinka/
Korean "pál(j)i=bee", MK Pöli, Japan pati. (A méh [női is] kapcsolódik a Holdhoz.)

Balkh
An important station on the southern branch of the historic Silk Road, Hotan has always depended on two strong rivers - the Karakash River and the Yurungkash River, the Black and White Jade rivers.". From the Han Dynasty until at least the Tang Dynasty it was known in Chinese as Yutian.
Hajlék
Hair Fr. (asp.), O. Fr. hadir, from Goth, hatan, or, better, from A. S. hatian, O. Fris. halia, O. S. hetian, E. hate. O. Fr. he from Goth, hatis, A. S. heti hate; hence haior hai'ne, Fr. haine, whence haineux, E. heinous, Pr. has a comp. azirar airar (adirare), sbst. azir air.
Halagar Sp., O. Sp. falagar afalagar, Val. falagar, Cat. af ale-gar j Pg. afagar to cajole, caress, sbst. haldgo &c. From a form flaihan of the Goth, (hlaihan to caress (or O. H. G. flehdn to fawn), whence fla// faJg falag. Hameau Fr. (asp.) hamlet, O. Fr. Pic. ham; E. ham, Goth. halms ^ O. II. G. heim, E. home.

Yutian [Yü-t’ien] = Khotan
As the main source of jade, the Khotan envoys carried pounds (kīna) of the stone for presentation to the heads of states. They used the word īra- ‘stone’ for their stone par excellence, the ‘jade’, and the Bud. Skt. word śilā. Hence they could call their river the Śailodā and in Khotan-Saka ranījai ttāji ‘the river of precious stone (ratna-)’. The īra- in the adjective form īrīnaa- was also used to render the mountain name Vajraka. The rivers in Khotan were in Turkish times called the yörüng qaš öküš and qara qaš öküš ‘the white and black jade rivers’.” Bailey (1985), p. 14; also p. 58.
Khotan a Gott-An?
Goth: Gutthiuda < *Guti-theudö "the nation opf Goths". Latin Gutones, OldEnglish Gotan. Old Nord. gotnar = men.
Kína zsidó cigányai
But some Hakkas (from Southeast Asia, not China) told me they are not well-liked by the other dialect groups because Hakkas are known to be calculative and stingy. They are almost like the Jews and gypsies (because they are guest people).

Hakka
Hakkas are also called "newcomers" (xin ren) or "arrivals" (lai reri). They are often called "Cantonese," especially in Taiwan, Hunan and Sichuan. The word "Hakka" is as blatant a brand of impoverished wandering as "Gypsy" or "Okie." It was originally a hostile outside coinage, the Cantonese pronunciation of the characters for "guest family," settlers (Mandarin pronunciation is kejia). A "hosszú menetelés" is hakka területről indult, s a 9 szovjetből 6 szintén hakka környezetben alakult ki.

mtDNA
The most frequent haplogroups are B (22.9%), F (22.4%), D (12.4%), and M7 (12.4%) for Meizhou Hakka, and D (25.5%), F (19.6%), B (16.7% ), and M7 (13.7%) for Chaos hanese. All of these ha plogroups have wide distribution among different Han regional populations. Hakka and Chaoshanese (Teochew) are two unique Han populations residing in southern China but with northern Han (NH) cultural traditions and linguistic influences. Unclassi?ed haplogr oups M* and N* are rare in both populations (less than 3%), and no western Eurasian haplogroups were observed. Az y Hg-ből az "O" tarol, de N1c1 is szépen akad. The Li N1c1 matches, in Fujian, Guizhou, Sichuan, Japan, northeast China, inner Mongolia and Mongolia.
As Hakkas tend to be very clannish, strangers who found out that the other party is a Hakka will affectionately acknowledge each other as tzi-ga-ngin meaning all’s in the same (Hakka) family.

Kína nevei Cathay; Celestial Empire; Four Seas; Huaxia; Nine Provinces; Serica; Shina; Tianxia.

Vagina
Beijing slang hóng ri (??) literally means red sun and refers to the red sun of the Japanese flag. In a wonderful piece of classic Chinese anti-Japanese sentiment, the comparison comes to mean “anus”.

Etymology
A yakut meg a hyacinth. Jah-sin?
Sakha: A mural on the wall of a school in Zhigansk shows four Sakha holding the traditional ‘choron’. That’s a wooden cup full of kumiss. What’s Kumiss? It’s a fermented drink made from milk. Not cow’s milk. Usually the milk is from a horse or even a camel. [Zhigansk neve nem lehet sakha eredetű, mert a "z, zs" hangok általában idegen átvételekben fordulnak elő. Chinese "zhi=kite".] The Siberian upi, called ursa by the Buryats, has a much lower (or flatter) profile than the tipi of the North. Origins: The DNA codes of the Sakha show a rare combination of antigens HLA-A1 and HLA-B17 that is also found in Indian DNA. No other mongoloid group has the HLA-A1 antigen. This indicates a definite link that the modern Sakha people came from the ancient Saka who ruled north-east India and Pakistan some two thousand years ago. In summer they moved to a large tent called an Urasa. (or Uraha as small h in Sakha can be written as s).
Adonaj:-) For a child to be born - the mother spirit of that child (ije-kut) is inserted into the top of the head of the future father by the heavenly deities (Ajyy) Ajyyhyt and Ijekhsit. Under the direction of the main heavenly god - Urung Aiyy Toyon.
Date of Kanishka: Szerkesztette: Arthur Llewellyn Basham
The sai king (Sai-Wang) went southwards and crossed Hsüan-tu, and the great Yueh-chih occupied their country. Later, when the K'un-mo (title of the Wu-sun king) attacked and defeated the Great Yüeh-Chih those migrated to the West and subdued Ta-hsia.
In AD 84 Pan Chao attacks So-Chü (Yarkand) with troops from Su-le (Kashgar) and Yü-t'ien (Khotan)

De Groot suggests that "wang" could be a copyist error for "kui", which in its turn might have been an abbreviation for a character in which occurred as the phonetic element, leading to k(u)a. Hsi-chih > Sik-ki.

The name Sacaraucae has been explained as 'Saka commanders' by Bailey, and they may be identified as a tribe of the 'royal Scythians' or Sai-Wang. (Richard Nelson Frye)

3 civilizáció
These Chinese accounts describe the Dayuan as urbanized dwellers with Caucasian features, living in walled cities and having "customs identical to those of the Greco-Bactrians", a Hellenistic kingdom that was ruling Bactria at that time in today’s northern Afghanistan. The Dayuan are also described as manufacturers and great lovers of wine.

Yalu

Yalu - Halu river
A Yalu határfolyó napjainkban Kína és Észak-Korea között. Valaha Korea mai határterületei a Bohai állam részét képezték, amely a Tang birodalom vazallus állama volt. Bohai területén 600 körül hét törzs osztozott a Mohe népből. (Mohon=határ). A Yalu név (Aye-kiang) egy lehetséges eredete a két felső ág - Ya és Lu - (eredetinek gondolt) nevének összevonása. Mellékfolyói: Chang-jin; Ho-chon; Tongro; Ai; Hun.

A manchu "biya=Hold". biya halan = menses; biyai elden = n. moonlight; sai= harapni. sahara= megfeketedni. sacira= elvágni. saca= sisak. oros= orosz. nadan = hét; ~ biya= a hetedik hónap; eyen = folyó; na = earth; sudan = short hair; sun = milk; sunggari bira = milky way; šala = margin, brink; tuwa = fire ; u (ungga da) = senior; ula = big river; ujan = border, boundary; ya2 = classic; ya= köd, bárki; yali= hús; yalu=telek határ, edge, margin; yalu- =lovagolni; humsun= szemhéj; yasa= szem, nyílás, luk.
A manchu "elden=fény" hasonló a svéd "eld=tűz" szóra. Az "aye" a germán nyelvekben "örök". Az Irrawaddy folyót is betűzik Aye-ra-wa-ti formában, hasonlóan az "Aye kiang" folyóhoz. Yes < aye < aio < az jó (igen). Sic itur ad Latin. Másoknál is Yes. aye- aye. Th is sailor’s word for “yes” or “understood” dates back to at least the 16th century aboard ships and on land. Many writers believe it derives from the early En glish yie, yes, while others cite the Old French je or oje, meaning yes or that say I. .(Also aye).

Cherokee: "Great island," from amaye'li, island (from ama', water, and aye'li, "in the middle") and e'gwa, great. "Long-island," from amaye'li, island, and gunahi'ta, long. Lakota: aye (ah-yea) lead.

Sam guk 3 állam
Although the park itself was built in 1988, it is also the home of two historically important Baekje sites: Mongchontoseong (Mongchon Earthern Fortress) and Pungnaptoseong (Pungnap Earthern Rampart).

Zsalugáter: A kíváncsi szemek elől elrejtette a kitekintőt. Féltékenyeknek.
Spanish: celosía. English: jalousie. Portuguese: Venezianas. Vietnamese: Mánh. Italian: persiana.
Khitan jalu > mongol zhurzhi > magyar jolet (jólét). LMongolic qaram "jealous, stinginess, regret".
Jalu Jalo Oasis (or Jalu , or Gialo ) is an oasis in Cyrenaica, Libya, located west of the Great Sand Sea . The Malaysian flag is called 'Jalur Gemilang' which means 'glittering stripes'.
Bali
Pekerisan River is also named by Jalu which is according to the inscription chiseled on the above of the biggest temple door sound ‘Haji Lumahing Jalu'.
twin Javanese kingdoms of Janggala and Panjalu (Kediri).

Szivárvány
A rainbow body (Tibetan: Jalü or Jalus (Wylie ‘ja’ lus). [Holdforma után?] Járj gyalog! Arabic: yarjalu > to go on foot. -). A cigány is gyalog dzsal. Jalu a szellem: (chahoua means devil while jalu means spirit).
A karachay-balkar szótárban a gal=mane (lósörény).

Amur vidék

The Silinka river in the Amur river basin, Komsomol'sk district, Khabarovsk Krai.
Sil' means “sting, stab, stick, thrust, piece, prick, puncture” (Hui Yu 2011: 280). [ Slavic "sil=power"; Iron "sil=female".] Si-la az "si terület"? Ha Silla egyik jelentése "szék", akkor a segghely mintájára alakult ki a "si" szóból? Silinka meaning sunrise in Mandinka, but in dictionary "tilibo" and "silinka=mid-morning"..
Hakha és a falam.
Please step inside: A chungah rung lut. The sun shines: Ni a tlang. It rains: Ruah a sur. I am thirsty: Ka ti a hal. I am tired: Ka tha a di. Hun: /hVn/ n 1 Hun miphun; ad zabi 4 le 5 lai ah Europe ram do tahratih a siatsuah qhehtu Asia miphun khat. 2 (derog offensive) German. Magic: /{mFdZIk/ n 1 dawi, dawithiamnak: They believe that it was all done by magic. black/white magic. dawi vek: This soap works like magic — the stains just disappear. 2 mitkher: She is very good at magic; she can conjure a rabbit out of her hat. Maiden: /{meIdn/ n (arch) fala, nunau tleirawl. Hakha Chin: is a member of the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken by about 440,000 people in Burma, Bangladesh and India. Other names for this language include Haka, Hakha, Baungshe and Lai.

Sakha nyelv
ostuol 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed stol (Russian ) [asztal szavunk]
kürüo 8.16 the fence 1. clearly borrowed küriye(n) (Literary Mongolian) (Mongolic ) [kerítés szavunk]
sieme 8.311 the seed 1. clearly borrowed semja (Russian ) [Mag, szem szavunk]
oruos 8.45 the rye 1. clearly borrowed rož’ (Russian ) [rozs szavunk]
laba 8.55 the branch 3. perhaps borrowed laßa: (Evenki ) [Ág.]
bes 8.64 the pine 4. very little evidence for borrowing. [Fenyő.]
serede 14.65 Wednesday 1. clearly borrowed sreda (Russian ) [three day: harmadik nap. Geek: Hermou Heméra.]
iy 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing [félhold forma után]
kördö 18.35 to ask(2) 4. very little evidence for borrowing [kérdez]
a:t 22.32 the hell 1. clearly borrowed ad (Russian ) [Ades?]
sibien 22.45 the ghost 1. clearly borrowed seßen (Evenki ) [Szeben az szellemváros?]

mandzsu szótár
abka ég, menny, égisten, időjárás, császár; abqa be ginggulere yamun asztronómiai hivatal; abqa exerexe az idő megváltozott; abqa far?ôn o?o az ég beborult; abqa fundexun az ég télies külsejű; abqa gerehajnalodik; abqa xeyenexe- az ég bárányfelhős, abqa na ég és föld, világ; abqa saru tudja meg az isten! (káromkodás); abqa tulxun /tusixiyen o?o az ég felhőtlen; abqa warangge az ég pusztítsa el! (átok); abqai természete császári; abqa-i ari egy gonosz démon, a tél szelleme (kínai), borzalmas, nyers, goromba; abqa ban¤ibung?a enduri istenség neve (kínai), abqai bu?o égi szarvas, unikornis, abqa-i buten horizont; abqai -i dailan az ég büntetése, császári büntetés; abqa-i doro égi rend, égi gondoskodás, bolygók pályája; abqa-i erin idő, évszak; abqai-i fisen egy csillagzat neve; abqai-i forgon az idő forgása, évszakok; abqai-i fulin az ég akarata, kegyelme; abqai fe¤ergi a földi (ég alatti) világ, abqa-i hafan az ég hivatalnoka: a császár; ~ -i ?an az égi uralkodó, a legfelsőbb lény; ~ -i ?orgiqô az égi tengely; abqai-i jui az ég fia, a császár; abqai-i sixiyaqô ég tengelye, sarkcsillag; abqa-i šu asztronómia; abqa-i śurde¤en göncölszekér, abqai ?aš?an természeti csapás.

Wedding - Nanai ceremony
A nanai esküvői ceremónia szavaiból: medeliku, esi, degbeliku, giamata. Mede az ujdonság egy része, medesiuri pedig "kérdezz, érdeklődj". Erde-gesi osini, neanchiachi medesiru: Ha érdekel, kérdezz! [Valamit félreérthettem, mert ez inkább a menyasszony kikérését jelentheti.] Az esi fejezetben az ara ára kerül meghatározásra. Az esküvői ceremónia harmadik része a "degbeliku", ami erővel feltörni valamit jelentésű. A degbeliku során megengedik a vőlegénynek, hogy megossza ágyát a "giamata= mátka"-val.
Siragori pedig a halott testvér asszonyának feleségül vételét jelenti.

Such terms as medeliku (мэдэлику), e-si (е-си), degbeliku (дэгбэлику), giamata (гиамата), refer to specific stages of the wedding ceremony.
medeliku (мэдэлику) semantically correlates with such words as mede (мэдэ)3) meaning “piece of news, news” and medesiuri (мэдэсиури) meaning “to ask, to inquire”.
Considering that the e-si (е-си) stage, the period in which an engaged daughter stays at home until the dowry is paid in full, it seems not quite correct to interpret the term e-si (е-си) as wedding celebration or wedding feast.
Erde-gesi osini, neanchiachi medesiru (Эрдэ-гэси осини, нёанчиачи мэдэсиру) means “If it is of interest to you, ask them about it”.
kasa (каса)5): “a big funeral repast during which a shaman sends off spirits of the dead to the other world”;
Nanai szájhagyomány
The ethnic history of the Nanai, who were not a literate people, has been described in the Chinese-Manchurian chronicles and the skazka (“stories”) of Russian settlers. However, the patrimonial legends, telungu, can contribute just as much as the written documents to disclosing mysterious pages of the histories of Tungus-Manchurian peoples.
But there is some indirect proof of their “horsebreeder origin.” I once wrote down a patrimonial telungu legend of horsemen-ancestors who arrived on the coast of Mangbo (Amur), which I heard from an informant of this clan. According to the telungu, warriors came on an iron brigantine, but their footwear was not suitable for moving on ice. It predetermined their defeat in the conflict with the local inhabitants wearing footwear made from fish leather, which did not slip. (A telungu egy legendagyűjtemény pl a klánok harcából. Tungus "telungu = to tell", bár néha énekelve adták elő.)
The sled had to undergo “special preparation” before the ceremony. A tudin fortune teller helped the shaman and also checked the shaman’s status. For example, the shaman asked what kind of nail should have been pulled out from the sled, and the tudin answered him. The tudin “saw” where and with what the shaman had tied the sled. Thus, the shaman and tudin were checked by each other (Smolyak 1991: 49).
Tud: A "tudin = tisztánlátó" (clairvoyant). Régen a görög "tud=lát" szóból eredeztették, de aztán sikerült venniük egy szótárt... Naveta of Es Tudons is the most remarkable megalithic chamber tomb in the Balearic island of Menorca, Spain. Olmeta di Tuda, Korzika. (Tudesco = german). Ancient egypt · Al Tud Temple. Wolof "tudda=named". (S)tud-y. Studium. S-tud > még nem tud, ezért tanulmányoz. Szavak S kezdettel, de nem minden "s" prefix. Sometimes, but not always, “S” at the beginning of an Italian verb can be an equivalent of English “un…”. [fortuna = luck / sfortuna = bad luck] Az "s-" prefix a "dis-" erőtlenebb változata.


HAUNANI: Means "beautiful snow" from Hawaiian hau "snow" and nani "beauty, glory".
Ga, khanti dasiya! (“Go behind the owner!”). Sanskrit itself means "refined," and Kanti means beautiful". This is a time for cultivating patience (khanti), a virtue which in the Buddhist training finds its highest expression in the perfection of patience (khanti-paramita). Kanti.. Glory.

The Role of Dogs in Nanai Cults
telungu legend of horsemen-ancestors who arrived on the coast of Mangbo (Amur), which I heard from an informant of this clan. According to the telungu, warriors came on an iron brigantine, but their footwear was not suitable for moving on ice.

Vocabulary - Yukaghir
bird = nodo [Madár.]
bird: eagle = qani [Sas.]
bird: white crane = kureqEti: [Daru madár]
born = u:
child = O: [O'Connor?]
cold = c'el [Chilly]
come = kel [Átkel?]
door = SobodENil' [Szabad?]
downstream = led
fence = kure: [Kerítés.]
 girl = marqil' [Madárka?]
hundred = isto: [Sto az száz.]
land = lebe: [Valaha Lebédia volt? Lebensraum?]
Moon = kind'E [Szinte kindergarten.]
say = mon [A száj mond valamit.]
snow = pukel'E [Hideg övben a pokol is hideg.]
spirit = ispi:r [ispiláng?]
tree = jollE, Sa:l [Nyelvünkben csak szálfa van.]
wife = terikE [Napjainkban Teréz anya.]
yurt = numO, urasa: [A szegény yukaghir sátortalan.]

PIE in Altaic Penglin Wang
ARANY: WMo. altan, Monguor haldan, Dongxiang antan 'gold'
KALAPÁCS: MMo. haluga « *halka < *haska) 'hammer'
KERT: OE. geard 'yard, enclosure'
KÚT: Dig. kuduk 'a well', Hexi kudu 'lake'
KENDER: OT. kendir 'hemp'. EYu. kenjer, Baoan kencir 'hemp'.
SZÁLL: EYu. hunes- « *hules)-, WMo nis- « *hunis-) 'to fly'
LEVESZ, VEDD LE: ToAB. was-/wäs- 'to dress, clothe', DE waed 'dress, clothing'
GYEREK: WMo. baga 'small, young', bagacud 'children' [Itt is a Holdhoz kapcsolódik a gyerek.]
NYÁR: Baoan gär ; Mongour yar; MMo najir. [Mongol juro'an = 6. hónap. Hexi word for 'six' is CI. (ZI =son, from normann)]
CSILLAG: OT. yultuz « *nultuz), Kazak juldez 'star'
SZAKÁLL: WMo sakal, Dagur sagel 'beard'
WAN-DOR: ToAB. wäsk- 'to move', ToA wä- 'to travel'. [t-were 'door', käy 'gate' > d-war. (t-rem < rem-eg)]

Iparosok - szerző: Jun Wenren
Yangche: refers to the ram-drawn carriage. The yoke length 8 chi (bachi). 1 chi kb 20 cm. Cheren: mezőgazdasági eszközöket és szekereket gyártott.

Nippon

Japán neve más nép szótárában szemelgetve
Törpék: Wö: The term used of Japan by the Chinese around the beginning of the Common Era. The character's original meaning was ‘submissive’ or ‘dwarf’.
Yamato: The original meaning of the name is not clear, but it might have meant ‘Mountain Gate’.
Nippon, Nihon: In Modern Japanese, there are two ways to pronounce the name: Nippon and Nihon.
Mandarin or Wu Chinese word for Japan as Ci-pan-gu. (Marco Polo)
A Ni, Nip etc. amerind nyelvekben víz / water jelentésű. A PIE nyelvből "nip=tűz=fire". Proto Telugu "Nipp=embers". A filippinoknál "nipon=teeth/fogak". (Tuskland? Toscana?). Andamanese nyelvben "nipon =jail =börtön". Angol "nipple= mellbimbó".

Goddess
The matagi are a ‘special’ people, set apart from the ordinary agricultural folk by customs, beliefs and traditions shared by no other group. Until recent times they rarely intermarried with people from agricultural villages, who held them in abhorrence because they killed and ate four-footed beasts. It should not be forgotten that before 1868, when Japan was opened up after centuries of seclusion from the outside world, the eating of four-footed meat was held to be a polluting sin. Fish and fowl might be eaten by all save strict Buddhists, but beef, pork and venison, let alone monkey, bear or wild boar, were prohibited to all except certain groups of people held to be outside the norm. The matagi, as we shall see, ate all and every part of the animals they hunted (see Chiba 1975; Ota 1979; Naora 1968; Yanagita 1963; 1964).

Japan

Japán nyelvek
kura (japanese) kürtün (turkish) saddle (english). Turkish kes- is more specifically "to cut".
Korean
The Nihon-Shoki records the names of the Kumaso chiefs. They are Atsu-kaya, Sa-kaya, Ichufu-kaya, Ichi-kaya, and Toroshi-kaya. (Aston 1972. vol.1.pp.195. 201). All of them carry kaya, which means chief. Malay-Indonesian word kaya meaning rich, wealthy, having wealt.
"Ko" means "lake" in Japanese. (A TO pedig KAPU.)

Tumulus

Kofun
A Kofun-kor maga a Jajoi-kort követi, kb 250-től egészen 538-ig tartott. A kofun japán szó a tipikusan erre a korra jellemző halomsírokra utal.
Az elnevezés a kulcslyuk formájú temetési (funereal) sírhalmok után keletkezett. Más forrásból: Yayoi Period were identified: a square, ditched grave (hökei shüköbo) found near village sites on level grounds not thought to be the prototype of the great tomb mounds, and a mounded grave (funkyübo) discovered on hilltops regarded by some to be the direct predecessor of tomb mounds. A felénk is megszokott formájú kunhalmokhoz hasonló dombokat empun néven említik. A csonkagúla alakúak a höfun nevet kapták. A sírokból előkerült leletek hasonlóak a Dél-Koreában feltártakhoz. Egy ko-fun (ősi sírhalom) mérete a néhány métertől 400 méterig terjed hosszában. A legrégebbi példányok Sakurai és Nara területén találhatók. Láthatóan ismerték a zablát és lovakat tartottak.
Nagy fantáziával megáldott emberek már marsi rokonságot látnak a kofun kapcsán.

Hayato - az ős kaján.
Érdekesség Japánból: Macskák szigete. Shima = sziget.
Szavakban
katana: "single edged curved sword". Comp.: ko-gatana : a penknife. Kohngora in Khowar is used for sword.
kawa no kishi: the banks of a river.
Comp.: ko-gawa: a stream, [kol small].
kawaS. Side ; row.
kazaru. To ornament ; adorn ; display.
iru hito: a man apparently unconcerned.
isuzuke-ru, v.t. [cogii. w. tsuzuku v.i.J. To continue ; keep up.

Tengu
A tengu ("mennyei kutya") a japán népi hitvilág egyik természetfeletti lénye, melyet egyaránt azonosítanak sintó istenként (kami), illetve jókaiként (szellemlény, lidérc, démon) is.
A tenguk korai ábrázolásai héjaszerű lényeknek mutatják őket, melyek képesek emberi alakot felvenni, mely kiegészült madárszárnyakkal, -fejjel, vagy -csőrrel. A tengu hosszú orra a 14. század környékén jelenhetett meg, minden valószínűség szerint a madárcsőr egy emberi testrészbe való átültetésének szándékából. A hosszú orr összeköti őket a sintó Szarutahiko istenséggel, akit a Nihon Soki (egy korai japán történelmi-mitológiai irat) hasonló, hét arasz hosszúságot is elérő orral mutat be. Falusi fesztiválokon (ún. macurikon) a két alakot gyakran ugyanolyan piros, fallikus orrú maszkokban jelenítik meg. Tengelic: Sasaki's ghost appears with the wings and claws of a tengu.

Nyereg
the saddle used by the samurai class of feudal Japan which was developed from Chinese saddles. Zabla: horse bit (kutsuwa). Ai kutsi = open mouth. A "kutsi=fog" valamelyik nyelvben, talán innét a "cut=vág". Késsel kurtít. Pl a turk és ainu nyelvben is kés a vág. Viszont a KÉS szavunk: Guaraní: kyse. Kannada: katti. Telugu: katti. Swahili: kisu. Ossetian: kard. Turk: bicsak < pichag. A KÉS fordítottja a SEK. Ami vágás /cut.

blood (αιματολογία) haimatologia

Swadesh 10 = tíz, ti, ten... Moon = tíz, tin, tan..
30. BLOOD (13): (Hattori 1959, 203-33; Murayama 1966, 154; 1974,135, 136, 168,171-2; Ozawa 1968,120-1; Street-Miller 1975, 140; Vovin 2003, 24; Starostin-Dybo-Mudrak 2003,401).
J ti, OJ ti ‘blood’, OJ ti ‘spirit, force’, pJ *ti ‘blood’ WMo. c#isu, Khal. cus, Kalm. cusn¢;, Dong. c#usun, Bao. c#isoN, Dag. c#os, Yogh. c#usun, Monguor. c⁄EZ#u, ZM c#osun, Mogh. c#usun, pMo *c#i < *ti ‘blood’ OTk. tˆn, Chuv. c#e#m, Yak. tˆn, pTk *tˆn ‘spirit, breath’
A turk t^n hasonlít a kelta "tűz=fire=tan" szóra. Breton: tan (plural taniou) fire, From Proto-Celtic *teɸnets (“fire”) (compare Old Irish teine, Welsh tân)

42. MOUTH (16): (Martin 1966, 237; Whitman 1985, 135, 227; Miller 1985, 142; 1996, 172)
J  kuti ‘mouth, aperture, opening’, pJ *kutu
Gödör, kút:MK . kwut, pK *kwut ‘hollow, pit, cave’. Oroc#. gudE- ‘break, tear’, Orok, Na. gudE@ ‘a hole’, pTg *gude ‘a hole’
Kutai Kingdom is the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia. The Kutai Kingdom is thought to have appeared in the 5th century AD or ± 400 M.



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