Kina 8.


A nagy fal mögött

Holy Hills
: the Sacred Forests of the Dai of Xishuangbanna Before the introduction of Buddhism in Sipsongpanna, there were two main supernatural entities called phi and lak.
Each territorial unit has its own devata; consequently, there are guardian spirits of the entire Sipsongpanna, of the meng, of the village (ban), and of the household (hem > heim, home, hon). Dai holy hills and the hierarchy of devata embody the merging of Buddhism and polytheistic beliefs. The village head and the village level priest sanctioned rituals to the devata ban (guardian spirits of the village); the zhaomeng and the meng level priest sanctioned rituals to the devata meng (guardian spirits of the meng).
(one mu equals 0.666 hectare)

Analog - Kifordítom, befordítom mégis bunda a bunda
iy =transfer. Íj szavunk?. "yi= to shift; to transfer; to move; to change; to shoot"
S vajon rokon szó a szanszkrit "íyarti=go, send" ? ..és a "vis" szó a "wic" szónak? (mindegyik település). Belarusian: "vysylác=send". Italian: "mandare=send".

Megy: Syriac: halek. Hebrew: halákh. Hawaiian: hele. Sanskrit: calati. Asturian: andar. Macedonian: šeta. Polish: iść. Mandarin: zou. Icelandic: labba. Halad

Chinese Hungarian English
ye éj night
sy szü -szív heart
ge ég sky
tu út road
sem személy person
ham /Shang "on, above" + hai "sea." hajó /Amerikában is HAJNAL szavunk ship

Egyszerű mandarin nyelv: dong = winter; east; rainstorm; rainbow; boom (of a drum); to freeze; roof beam; cave; hole; (ethnic group); to use; to act; to move; to change.
Feltárt falszakaszok A nagy kínai fal(na)
A manchu területen feltárt új kínai falszakaszt is a kínai nagy fal részének igénylik a kínaiak, amelyet természetesen kínaiak építettek anno. "Hushan was a neutral zone during the Qin and Min Dynasties when the Great Wall was built," Nam said.

Forum
Egy új falszakaszt fedeztek fel a mai kínai nagyfal felett, ami nem téglából épült. Kína a többi rész folytatásának véli. A linken képeket láthatunk a különböző falszakaszok berajzolásával. A piros a Ming kori fal, a szaggatott kékek különböző időkből származnak.

Hmong nyelv
The most common name used for the languages is Miao, the Chinese name and the one used by Miao in China. However, Hmong is more familiar in the West, due to Hmong emigration.

Hmong
In Hokkien, "si" means "to die", while gin nah is children. sea-- hai (hai); river- kang (hoú); clouds- hoon (hún); wind- hong (hông).
Vajon a "hong-ar" az szél úr? Lég-úr? ..vagy ne nézzük madárnak?

shafa (humor) és a Szófa
What are you sitting on if you sit on a 'sha fa'? sofa . Modern kölcsönszó Kinában: armchair/settee. (arab "szófa=areekah"). HagFa pinyim: romanization of hakka.
Wood / Fa: Galician: madeira; Japanese: mokuzai; Korean: mokjae; Lithuanian: medis;
Tree / Fa: Lithuanian: medis; Mongol: modun; Burjat: modon; Kalmuk: modn; Even, evenki, nanai: mo; Saami: muorra; Nenec: pja; Mi'kmaq: midis;
Forest / Erdő: Tajik: besa, csangal; Kyrgyz: tokoy, ormon; Erzya: vir; Hindi: van; Chechen: hun; Bengali: bön.
vagina - hee - hei (Cantonese.. Mandarin "bi=vulva" /Mandinka is "bee") English - Tai - Sinitic (Emlékezzünk a Méhbarlangra! ..vagy a Pi folyóra.)
SAH-KAH: Hokkien term literally meaning "three legs".

A csecsemő Zeuszt rejtegetik a csecsemőnyeldeklő apa, Kronosz szeme elől. Anyaméh barlang ez a javából, de egyszersmind templom is. Ez abból következik, hogy a gyermek Zeuszt négy betolakodó támadja meg, ám már itt megjelenik a későbbi templomok privilégiuma: a bent lévők tabu alatt állnak, érinthetetlenek.

Nagy a zsibaj, lárma - Urban dict.
ci bai or cibai pronounced as "ji bai". It is a Hokkien(a Chinese dialect) or Taiwanese word for female sexual organ, literally. Equivalent to English 'cunt' (vagina).

Singlish
Csinosít: Chingay /chin-gay, "csinel"/ n. [Hk., ‘art of adornment’: cheng (colloq.) to ornament, to adorn + gey an art, an employment
cincaluk /chin-chah-lohk/ n. [Poss. f. Baba Mal. chinchang < Mal. chenchang chop, cut finely, mince
sai kang /si kahng/ n. [Hk. shit work: sai= excrement, faeces + kang work;
kitchi /kit-chee, "kicsi"/ a. [poss. a corruption of Eng. titchy] Insignificantly small, diminutive, tiny.
koon /koon, ku:n/ v. [Hk., sleep; compare Mand. kún tired] Also khoon. Sleep, take a nap.

Népnevek Kínában
Kazak = Häsáké-yü. Kirgiz = Ke’érkézi-yü. Manchu (~Man) = Män-yü. Oroqen = Élúnchün-yü. Tu (~Mongour) = Tűzú-yü (Tuva?). Russian = Éluósi-yü.

Kína: It is one of the main rivers in the basin of the Xi River, which in its turn is one of the main tributaries of the Pearl River.

KutCi ... kudcvie... to dig a well (Taiwan) Kútcsinálás

Sora tigrise
kina-n ñam-t-am
tiger-NOUN seize-NPAST-2
'the tiger will seize you' (Ramamurti 1931: 40)

Zo people
The best known of the Zomian populations, at least in the United States, is the Hmong, many of whom fought alongside the United States against the North Vietnamese and Laotian communists in the Vietnam War. More than any other highland people, the Hmong define themselves in opposition to the ethnic Han of China, against whom they have risen up in rebellion, on a regular basis, for millennia.

Mandarin: Ján, a portás.
jíng {ján} bèi {péj} = guard; garrison

Haplogroup NO; haplogroup N has been founded in a Xiongnu context, so it is likely intrusive; O is East Eurasian
Haplogroup Q is also associated with Xiongnu nomads from Pengyang

tokar
..ancient Chinese period to the Middle Ages was read as "sēk" (modern pronunciation: sài) and meant "a border", "to surround". We see a clear transmission of the ethnonym "Sakas".
βαγαλαγγο "sanctuary" - Toch. (b) leki – a place for recreation, in Toch. (a, b) läk, lok, lyäk – a hidden place, a lair, go to bed. There is also a direct Finno-Ugric parallel in Finnish lakka, Estonian lakk, Hungarian lak - lair, home.
She is the patroness of the Kushan state and it is from her that Kanishka received the royal power. During Kanishka’s reign, a full body image of Nana, Nanaya holding a spear, ending with a lunar image (a Crescent moon) is used. The image of Nana is also found on coins, minted by the older Yuezhi ruler Sapalbiz(is) (Σαπαλβιζης), but there, she has mounted her lion and is holding a crescent.
Middle Ages: d(h)āt, dat, modern pronunciation: dá; meaning: penetrate, stab, pierce, reach, shrewd. So, in the Han era, the pronunciation we get is "bōkd(h)āt", and if we assume that the "r" sound is being conveyed as well – "bōkd(h)ār" or Bohdar / Bahdar. The ancient Iranian name of the city, and the district is Bakhtri, Bakhdi and the ancient name of Balkh, Bakhdi (Baxdi) itself is an Avetian pronunciation: of the old Persian baxtri, apparently associated with the direction west or north, Pahlavi ābaxtār - towards the north in the Persian bākhtar - west, Dards languages paścimā, Sanskrit pācī, apācī - rear and west, Persian abhar - rear, English back - back.

Museum
Three-Star Piles Museum (Sanxingdui Museum) is located in Northeast of Three-Star Piles archeological site, west of the famous cultural city of Guanghan, on the bank of Jian River (commonly called Yazi River), 40 kilometers (about 24.9 miles) north of Chengdu City.

Huna
Uigur Turkish qapcuq 'small bag' is from an Iranian *kapcik, as the name Lopcuq is from Napcik
Bulgar history
The presence of Chinese transcriptions close to "roghe", "ruaghe", "rukke", "ryeukkye", "rukghe", "ryeukghe", "rotghe", "ruatghe", "rotke", "ruatke", as we was, shows that the variation *ārki / *ark, arkwi, was also used, which means that the source of the ethnonym signifies white, brilliant, respectively noble.
Swastika
庫車. the character 庫- modern reading kù; ancient Chinese reading kh(l)ās; Classic Old Chinese: and Han era reading khāh. It means: 1.barn; 2.warehouse. The modern reading of the second the character 車is chē; its Classic Old Chinese: and Han era readng is ka. It means: 1.wheel; 2.car. Therefore, in the period we are interested in, we get the pronunciation "khāh-ka" or "Khaka".
TISZTA: Thracian "kist(a) /fehér, tiszta/ > Norwegian "kvit" > Danish "hvede" >O. Saxob "hwit" > English "White"

Nyugati kapcsolat
The tomb of an important individual, Tian Hong (d. 575 CE), located in Ningxia in northwest China, contains five gold coins issued by the rulers of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire from their capital at Constantinople (Istanbul in modern Turkey).
One of these gold coins was issued by Justin I and Justinian I as co-emperors in the only year when they shared the throne, 527 CE.
Four of the five coins in the tomb have been pierced, suggesting decorative use, perhaps jewelry. One of the coins was found in the mouth of the skeleton, reflecting a common belief in Eurasia that payment ensured transport for a dead soul.

China.
Xinjiang was previously known as Xiyu (西域) or Qurighar / Qarbi Diyâr" (غەربىي دىيار), meaning Western Region, under the Han Dynasty, which drove the Xiongnu empire out of the region in 60 BC. This was in an effort to secure the profitable routes of the Silk Road.
Érdekességnek: Rapa Nui neve "Nagy út/road" . Kínában a "li" hosszmérték a han korban valami "riep" volt. Route?

Navigating the Channels of Traditional Chinese Medicine. szerző: Yitian Ni
"Fan Zhen Ji Ci" means "fire needle with quick insertion and rapid removal". Ci means puncturing.

Heat and Sacrifice in the Vedas. szerző: Uma Marina Vesci
Agnicayana: "Lit." construction of Fire-Altar. Ca-yana, n., from the root ci, means to build, edify, heap up. Felépül a city? (Latin népek "civitas" szava). Occitan: ciutat. Venetian: sitá, citá. Tetum: sidade. Lao: siang.

Qi energy
In ancient Chinese medical and Qigong documents, the character for Qi consisted of two words, "nothing", and "fire." In ancient times, physicians and Qigong practitioners attempted to balance the Yin and Yang Qi circulating in the body, so there was "no fire" in the internal organs. Each internal organ needs a specific amount of Qi to function properly. If it receives an improper amount, usually too much which makes it too Yang or over-energized, it starts to malfunction, in time causing physical damage. The goal of acupuncture and the ancient qigong precursors, Dao-Yin (guiding and leading) and Tu-Na (utter and admit), was to attain a state of "no fire," which eventually became the word Qi.

Christian
The Chi Rho is one of the earliest cruciform symbols used by Christians. It is formed by superimposing the first two letters of the word "Christ" in Greek, chi = ch and rho = r.

Manchu names
Manchu given names were used solely or with titles but not with clan names. For example, Fiyanggü, who was from the Donggo clan, belonged to the Manchu Plain White Banner and distinguished himself in the campaigns against the Dzungars, was usually called "Fiyanggü be" (Lord Fiyanggü) since Fiyanggü (youngest) was a relatively major given name.
To specify the clan name, Manchus would have said something like "Donggo hala-i Fiyanggü" (Fiyanggü of the Donggo clan). Fenghuang Főnix, a mitológiai három lábú madár. The males were originally called "feng/szél" and the females "huang/phoenix, blood".

Kína átadta "nő, kocsi, fing.." stb szavait a magyaroknak, de kaptunk a filippínóktól is! Ugye a "béka=baki" bizonyára onnét került a nyelvünkbe, vagy az amerikai indiánok hódításával az osage törzs biuka szava került nyelvünkbe. A héberek meg összetévesztették a karpok ösvényét (karpath) a békával: "karpada".
Mint látom, a papiamento nyelvben dori=béka, pedig az andandori DK-Ázsiában van. Vajh az meg vándorbéka?

Viztér gam
The Hequ is found in the Qinghai Province of China and is used as a pack and draft animal as well as for riding and racing. Hequ means "river zig".
Kínában érdekes nevű népek is élnek. Ilyen pl. a lolopo meg még néhány.

Munda: Kurku: "cina =to recognize, know" > tudni
Uylo: "si=hand" > kéz
Teng: "sim=bird" > madár
Számos nyelven a "to" nem víz, hanem női mell: Halahg, Kaseng, Khmer, Nicobar..

Silk = selyem (szálak)

Vándorok szava
Szólni kell a magyar selyem szóról, mert ez is a szál 'fonál' jelentésű szóval tartozik össze. A TESz szerint a magyar selyem, selem 'a selyemhernyó gubójából nyert finom szál, illetőleg az ebből szőtt kelme, aranka, különösen lenfojtó aranka, a kukorica bibeszálainak összessége, a gyékény finom háncsa, az eresztőháló teste'. Vándorszó, vö.: ang. silk 'selyem', lat. sericum 'selyemszerű kelme', fr. serge 'sávolykötéses gyapjú vagy selyem', or. šolk 'selyem', mandzsu sirge 'ua.', mong. sirgek 'ua.'. Végső forrása bizonytalan, vö.: kínai si 'selyem'. Maga a selyem is a kínaiaktól került Európába. A magyar selyemnek megfelelő alak azonban sehol sem mutatható ki. A "silk=to shake" a turk nyelvekben. Szilénosz a görög mitológiában az a kétlábú keveréklény (lófülű, lófarkú, lólábú, lópatájú), aki állati és emberi vonásokat is hordoz magán.
Az Amur az Arguny és a Shilka összefolyásával keletkezett folyó. Erre beszélték a selpechen nyelvet. The Selpechen used to be mounted nomads, occupying the basin of the river Selpe (Cierbinhe) in the middle part of the Lesser Khingan Range. S'ilpa (Bir.), salpa (Bir. Khin), selpe (Bum) [cf. selfe (Manchu Writ.), — «slash in the side of a coat» (usually ornamented). Selpe: Selene peruviana (Pacific moonfish). Selpe: Amur basin in northwestern Heilongjiang Province: Kumarchen (or Manegir), in the Kumara basin on the upper Amur, still has some child speakers, but the closely-related Selpechen, in the Fa and Selpe basins on the middle Amur, has no speakers under fifty. Némi kapcsolat mutatkozik a távoli dagur nyelvvel.

Kezdetek - Mint egy Rousseau Ermenonville-ben..
Rem (Eg.) the extent, boundary, at the place of, may be written erm, or elm, the name of the elm-tree in English, and thinking of our universal hedgerow. Elms it seems likely that the Elm is named as the tree of the boundary, the extent, at the place of, the edge or hedge, the hedgerow elm. This tree of the terminus is also a sacred tree, used for the coffin, at the end of life. The elm or ailm of the Bethluisnion Tree-Alphabet is A, which answers to the Runic A or arm. In this case the boundary is at the beginning. In Devon, the elm is called elemen, and in the Gaelic leamhan or leoman we have the equivalent of the Egyptian remen. This remen, the type of boundary and extent, takes another form in the Gaelic ruimne, a marsh land, as in Romney Marsh and Ramsey in the Fens. Marshes were limits. And still another in the port of Lymne, from which an ancient road runs across the Kentish hills to Canterbury called the Stone Street. Ermin Street, which joined London and Lincoln, is also a form of remen (Eg.), extending to, and has no relation to paupers. It is one of the four great roads ascribed to the Romans. The names, however, will show that the Romans did but follow and reface the track of our far earlier road-makers and boundary-namers. In Lambourne, Berks, the bourne repeats the rem as the limit and extent, and the remn (Eg.) with the article the (p) prefixed passes into perimeter for the circuit, the orbicular extent. The rim, Akkadian, is a mound. This rem (Eg.) at the place; remn, the extent, enters into Sanskrit as ram, to stop, stay, remain; the Gothic rim-is, Lithuanian ramas and rem-ti; Latin remaneo, to stay, continue (also remano, to turn, flow back) and our English word remain, which is an equivalent of remn (Eg.) at the place, and remnant, for an end.

Tomory Zsuzsa
Szál szavunknak megfelel a finn szilkki = selyem/silk, tájszólásos selem, selöm. Ismeretes, hogy az r és l egymással számtalanszor váltakozik. Szál szavunk változata tehát szár, valaminek szálszerű szára. De nem fér kétség ahhoz, hogy a német Seil (szájl) = kötél szó is szál szavunk származéka, ugyanúgy mint selyem szavunk is. Viszont r-es kiejtésű szőr, sörte, sörény szavunk, amelyeknek meg a latin cirrus = szőr, szál szó ugyanúgy megfelel, mint a latin sericum (szerikum) = selyem. Selyem sár haja, Magyar Ilona...
A ser mély hangú változata, a sar sz-vel ejtve: szár. A sar(j)=szár azonosság magyarázza a származik, származás szót is, a szár=hajtás révén. Latin ’sura’=(láb)szár. Szár r>l váltással: szál, ahogyan azt látjuk a szárka=szálka szóban is.

Latin tilia (hársfa/lime tree) is cognate to Greek πτελέ, ptelea, "elm tree/szilfa", τιλίαι, tiliai, "black poplar/fekete nyár" (Hes.), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European word *ptel-ei̯ā with a meaning of "broad" (feminine); perhaps "broad-leaved" or similar. "Lime" is an altered form of Middle English lind, in the 16th century also line, from Old English feminine lind or linde, Proto-Germanic *lendā, cognate to Latin lentus "flexible" and Sanskrit latā "liana". Within Germanic languages, English "lithe", German lind "lenient, yielding" are from the same root.
Armenian: Chandari "plane tree"
Par-ticularly important is the testimony from Chapter 21 of Ganjakec‘i who mentions čandari, the local equivalent of sawsi ‘plane tree’ (Platán). The Iranian origin of čandar-i is obvious, though the etymological details are unclear.
Łaraba ɫ tənǰərí/ɛ́, which refers to both ‘plane tree’ and ‘poplar’ and is found in a late mediaeval Armenian dictionary, Ba  girk‘ hayoc‘ , derives from čandari through metathesis: čandari > *čəndərí > tən  ǰərí/ɛ́ . The combined evidence from Ganjakec‘i, Ba girk‘ hayoc‘ and the Łaraba  ɫ dialect testifies to the existence and unbroken development of the word in the territory of Łaraba  ɫ and surroundings and shows that the metathesis (čandari > tənǰərí/ɛ́ ) took place at some stage between the 13th and 16-17th centuries
Turkic: *elme - elm tree. Proto-IE ??  English - elm. Magyar elme, ami ma még almás (tudás gyümölcse, illetve "szellem"). Vagy az álam (világ) szóból származna? Arab: "science = ‘elm"
Bask: zumar ‘elm’. sare, sale ‘net(-work)’. hur = water. (h)un, hün ‘marrow, pith, brain’. hil ‘die; dead; death’. hegi ‘edge, ridge’. ahur ‘palm, hollow (of hand)’.
Szil szál szalmaszál The traditional formal clothing is a robe made out of Elm tree bark. She dyes the attus made from lobed elm bark with flowers and plants that grow locally like marigolds, madders and walnuts. Embroidered coat made of textile (bark), cloth (silk). Az "attus" a szilfa kérgéből készített szálakból szőtt ruha.
Albanian vidh, Russian вяз (vjaz), Lithuanian vinkšna, Latvian vilksna, English wice/Wych Elm, Kurdish viz, Polish wiąz.

Gombócz
(magyar) szil 'Ulme, Rüster, Ulmus' MNSz HHC
(mordvin) śeľej 'Ulme'
finn. halam, halaja kann möglicherweise durch den Einfluß von halea 'gräulich, bleich' erklärt werden.

Laube - az elm-és ügy kapcsán
Traditional farmhouses in Switzerland had a Laube, a room open to the outside but well protected against rain, where the leaf hay or Laub was stored. The Swiss family name Lauber apparently goes back to a person or family that was particularly good in lauben, lopping for fodder. Elm and ash were the favorite species, but it was elm that got the highest praise. Elm leaf hay had the highest nutritional value, "better than the best hay", as the best lucerne-hay, "as barley flour".

Tótfalusi úrnál a "szál" az szolgafa esetleg petrencerúd, lancafa, rudasfa. hosszú, vékony rúd, amit párosával használnak a széna mezei összehordására. rokonság. /finn "salko" (hosszú rud)/
Finnugor szellemharcos
selyem [1338 tn. (?), 1416 u.] Vándorszó, vö. angol silk, francia serge, orosz sjolk, mandzsu sirge, mongol sirgek: ’selyem’. Végső forrása talán a kínai se ’selyem’ szó, mely a se-or ’Kína északi tartományainak lakói’, illetve a görög Sziresz [többes szám] ’kínaiak’ népnév révén terjedhetett el. Maga a "selyem" is Kínából került Európába. A magyar szó régi, honfoglalás előtti átvétel lehet valamely kelet-európai nyelvből. A szó belseji ly feltehetőleg másodlagos palatalizáció eredménye a korábbi l-ből, a szóvég mibenléte tisztázatlan. Talán nem a plural "-m"..

Czuczor - finnutánzó hangutánzó
(sely-ěm) fn. tt. selym-ět, harm. szr. selym-e. A selyembogárnak finom, fényes, szilárd szálakból álló szöveménye, akár nyersen véve, amint t. i. a gubóban öszvetekeredett; akár fonalakká sodrott, vagy fonott állapotban. Nyers, fonott, sodrott selyem. Bojtos selyem. Félselyem olyan szövet, melynek csak egy része selyem, a másik pedig gyapot. Selyemmel himezni, kivarrni valamit. Névszócserével, selyemszövetből készült ruha. Selyemben járni. Csakúgy suhog rajta a selyem. Selyembe, bársonyba öltöztetni valakit. Átv. selyemhez hasonló finomságu. Selyem haj, selyem gyapjú. Selyem mező, selyem rét. A völgyi mezőnek selyme. Képes kifejezéssel, selyemélet, igen szép, fényes, gyöngyélet.
A selyem nevei számos nyelvekben abban egyeznek meg, hogy első gyökhangjok sz v. s, minek közös okát legalább részben talán a selyem suhogásának hangutánzásában kereshetjük. Legközelebb áll a magyar selyem szóhoz a latin sericum, melyet némelyek a görög shr-től származtatnak, mely selyembogarat jelent; mások azt a ser (többesben seres) nevü ázsiai népségtől származtatják (a görög shr szóval együtt. "Assyrius gemmas, Ser vellera, thura Sabaei. Ausonius."). Továbbá ide sorozhatók a svéd, dán silke, ángol silk, angolszász seolc, német Seide, franczia soie, sínai (tela serica), mongol sirgek (rohe Seide) stb. Az illir és vend nyelvekben Dankovszky szerént: szvilen.

A kép linkjén a yoruba korona is figyelemre méltó

attush

Németh János írása módosítva:
ásal, ásar Euphrates poplar tree. [Eufrát. jegenyefa] /Sumerian
szil-fa elm tree. Hungarian./ salava? elm - szil(fa) Finn 'jalava'.
szál-fa= straight tree with small branches, log /Hungarian
sylan=tall & straight /Kazah
šol, šeli=elm tree /Cheremis, Mordvin
salix => Latin. salix > fűzfélék, willow.

Elm tree:
Armenian: թեղի (tʿełi)
Abkhaz: араш (ārāš)
Faroese: álmur
Slovene: brest
Maori: erema
Judas fája
Abkhaz: аӷш (āγš), аҵлаш (āc̣lāš), аҷандар (āč̣̍āndār)
Georgian: ალვა (alva), ჩინარი (č’inari), ჭანდარი (čandari)
Southern Altai: терек (terek)

Szilfa: sylph=tündér, karcsú, magas nő. Együtt a fák (syl-fa): New Latin sylphus, probably coined from Latin silva wood + Greek numphe nymph. Ha én szil lehetnék.. Az ógörög szó a szilfára "pteléa=elm", modern greek "ftelia".
A finn syltä pedig 3 könyök hosszúság.
The fibers of elm bark could be made into strong cords; as these were used for beehives, for well-cords and in thatching, they could apparently withstand dry-wet conditions. In eastern Europe, foot wear and mats were made of them; in the XIX century, millions of such elm mats were exported to western Europe annually. The Ainu people in northern Japan traditionally made very durable clothes of elm bark: they peeled the bark off the trees in spring or fall, then soaked it in water for ten days, divided it in strips which could be used for weaving. This textile could be colored dark with oak bark or with iron-containing peat, creating bold traditional patterns (Fig. 4). But there are no indications that our European ancestors ever used clothing from bark.

Máshol a "kossut=madár"
The main Sung achievement was the perfecting of k'o-ssu (kesi), an extremely fine silk tapestry woven on a small loom with a needle as a shuttle. The technique appears to have been invented by the Sogdians in Central Asia, improved by the Uighurs, and adapted by the Chinese in the 11th century. The term k'o-ssu (literally "cut silk") derives from vertical gaps between areas of colours, caused by the weft threads not running right across the width; it has also been suggested that the word is a corruption of the Persian qazz or Arabic khazz, referring to silk and silk products. K'o-ssu was used for robes, silk panels, and scroll covers and for translating painting into tapestry. In the Yüan dynasty, panels of k'o-ssu were exported to Europe, where they were incorporated into cathedral vestments.

Yomon szövőszék Ukrajnában

Feltehetően a selyemkészítés felfedezése előtt már a "seli" fa kérgéből ruhát szőttek. Arabic silka (thread).

Selyemút - Besenyők?
2016-ban, szintén Kelet-Magyarországon, Derecske határában egy újabb taqueté szövésű selyemlelet került elő. Az itt bemutatásra kerülő derecskei lelet rámutatott arra, hogy a taqueté selyem nem egyedi jelenség a 10. századi hagyatékban. Ennek a megfigyelésnek pedig az ad különös jelentőséget, hogy a korszak nagyszámú nyugat- és észak-európai selyemmaradványai között eddig még nem közöltek ilyet, sőt Bizánc területén is ritkaság. A taqueté façonné selymek tehát annak lehetőségét vetik fel, hogy a honfoglalók - az írott és régészeti adatok által is egyértelműen azonosított nyugat-európai mellett - más selyemforrásokkal is rendelkez(het)tek egykor, talán épp keleti kapcsolataiknak köszönhetően.

Nyelvi kérdések

Gifts
Chinese term kao-ling (gow-ling), meaning "high hill." The latter is the name of a place where the clay was obtained in early times, lying twenty miles northeast of the famous porcelain kilns at Ching-te-chen in Central China. The second essential ingredient in porcelain is petuntse, a mineral resembling kaolin, but more glassy in character. Its name originates from the Chinese term pai-tun-tzu (by-doon-dse), meaning "white bricks." Kínában a "Hao= fehér". De a fehér és a hó van ejtve BAI [pei] szóval is.

Kínai családnevek Máshol ugyanez
(Hay, hszi). Ez azt jelenti, "remény", "kívánság", "ritka". [Xi Wang] azt jelenti, hogy a "remény", "kívánság", [xi meg] azt jelenti, "ritka".
(hszi, Sai). Ez azt jelenti, a "Nyugat". [Dongi xi] azt jelenti, "vékony gs", [xi fang] azt jelenti, a "Nyugat", [xi Gua] az "görögdinnye".
(hszi, Sik). Ez azt jelenti, "ápolja", "érték", "treas kedés". [Ai xi] azt jelenti, hogy "ápolja", "kincset", [ke xi] azt jelenti, "milyen kár"
(Ha, Har, Hsia). Arra utal, hogy a "reggeli / esti rózsás felhők". [Wan Xia], olvassa el a "Este rózsás felhők"; gyakrabban használják a nőknél.
(Ha, Har, Hsia). E za szintén kínai eredetű. Ez azt jelenti, "nyári". Az is a neve egy kínai dinasztia. [Xia li] a "hagyományos kínai holdnaptár", [Xia Tian] utal a "nyári napok", [Zhong Xia] a "nyár közepén".
(Sian). Ez azt jelenti, "előzetes", "előre". [Xian li] utal a "precedens", [Xian Sheng] a "tanár", [Xian Zhi] utal a "próféta".
(Sian). Ez azt jelenti, "erkölcsös", "nemes". [Xian Hui] utal, hogy "erkölcsös", "nemes", [Xian neng] a "képes".
(Sian). Ez azt jelenti, "finomított", "szelíd", "elegáns"; gyakrabban használják a nőknél.
(Sian). Ez azt jelenti, "prominens", "feltűnő", "display". [Ming Xian] utal valami "tiszta", "nyilvánvaló", [Xian de] a "tekintik", "tekinteni", [Xian futott] azt jelenti, "nyilvánvaló".
(Hian, Hien, Hin, Hsien, Sian, Yan). Ez azt jelenti, "jelen", "ajánlatot".
(Hiong, Hong, Siang). Jelent s "jó illata", "illatos", "sós". [Fen Xiang] azt jelenti, "jó illat", [Xiang gang] utal a "Hong Kong", [Xiang Jiao] azt jelenti, "banán".
(Siang, Siong). Ez azt jelenti, s "szerencsés", "kedvező". [An Xiang] azt jelenti, "nyugodt, derűs", [Xiang x i] az "részletesen", [ji Xiang] azt jelenti, "szerencsés".
(Siang, Siong). Ez azt jelenti, s "repülés". [Fei Xiang] azt jelenti, "szárnyaló", "szárnyal a levegőben". [Hua Xiang] az "glide"
(Siang, Siong). Ez azt jelenti, s "élvezni". [Fen Xiang] azt jelenti, hogy "megosztani, hogy az előnyök", [Xiang Shou] azt jelenti, hogy "élvezni", [Xiang meg] azt jelenti, hogy "élvezni a kiváltságokat".
(Heung, Hiong, Hsiang, Siang). Ez azt jelenti, "felé egy bizonyos irányba". Ez als oa kínai eredetű. A Prominent személyiség a történelemben: XIANG Xiu (? - 275), az egyik a "Hét Bölcs a Bamboo Forest", közben a "Three Kingdoms" időszak (Hsiao, Seow, Shaw, Shiu, Siaou, Siauw, Siew, Siu, Sue, Sui). Ez a 39. leggyakoribb kínai SURN AME. Az eredeti jelentése vonatkozik a fajta gyom és a fű. [Xiao Tiao] olvassa el a "gazdaságilag hátrányos helyzetben". A Promin ent személyiség a történelemben: Általános Xiao He [ ] (? - 193 BC), a kulcsfigurája a császár LIU Bang hatalomra bukása után a Qin-dinasztia (Hsiao, Siaw, Seow, Siew, Siu). Ez azt jelenti, "kis", "kicsi". [Xiao Xin] azt jelenti, "óvatos", [Xiao Xue] olvassa s hogy "általános iskola".
(Hsiao, Siaw, Seow, Siew, Siu). Ez azt jelenti, "hajnal", "tudom". [Bao Xiao] utal "beharangozó hajnalhasadta" [Xiao de] azt jelenti, hogy "tudom", "tudatában kell lennie", [Tian Xiao de] az "ég tudja".
(Hau, Hauw, hogyan, Hsiao, Hi?u, Siaw, Seow, Siew, Siok, Siu). Ez azt jelenti, "gyermeki jámborság". [Xiao Shun] azt jelenti, "gyermeki jámborság", [Xiao Xin] utal a "gyermeki áhítat szeretet".
(Hau, Hauw, hogyan, Hsiao, Siao, Siaw). Ez m eans "hasonló", "hasonlítanak", Ez is egy kínai eredetű (ejtsd: az első hang).

Dong Yi:
Pinyin: Döngyi. Wade-Gilles: Tung-yi. Fülem: Ton-ji. (hanból!)
A kínai írásjel "big" + "bow" = "yi". (Fordítva: íj.) Dongyi

A tornyok kereszt ablakai

Zsidók Kínában
Qiang people were mentioned in ancient Chinese texts as well as inscriptions on the oracle bones of 3,000 years ago. However the ancient Qiang people referred to in these ancient texts were a broad group of people and the ancestors of the modern Tibeto-Burman speakers, they are therefore not the equivalent of the modern Qiang people who are a small branch of the ancient Qiangs. Many of the people formerly designated as Qiangs were gradually removed from this category in Chinese texts as they become sinicized or reclassified, and by the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) periods, the term Qiang denoted only the non-Han people living in the upper Min River Valley and Beichuan area, the area now occupied by the modern Qiangs.
In Wikipedia there's an article about the remarkable relation between ancient Hebrews & watchtowers. Romans, British, Chian Mings, Philippinians & Yemenis are cited in this article. It's noteworthy that, except for the Romans, all these peoples are considered to have Israelite origin. The Romans were in contact with "Barbarian" Germanic Israelites, Carthaginian Israelites, Parthian Israelites (Parthia was the other superpower peering Rome) & Judeans, so the Romans might have taken the watchtower from some of them. The Filipinos are the only ones that don't have a strong Israelite claim so far. The Muslim Yemenis have a high proportion of the Cohen gene.

A Himalája titkos tornyai
A kilátást az őrtoronyból hegy takarja el. Akkor tán más lehetett a torony funkciója.
Taoping ancient Qiang Village is located on a mountainside. The Zagunao River, the main tributary of the Min-jiang, runs eastward across the village. Thanks to its location, the village is protected from the northerly wind in the winter and receives adequate sunshine. More importantly, the broad and gentle terraces mitigate the effects of the major earthquakes that strike the area once every few decades.

Gyalrong towers
Chinese phoenix > feng huang. Before the Mongol empire.

Holdvilág

Lehet, hogy Syria (Sham) nevét a Qin jellel írták le ezer éve? Vagy a KUN(A) félreírása?
Da Qin
Da Qin [Ta Ch’in] = Rome or Roman territory, depending on the context. The use of such a name (literally, ‘Great Qin’ = Great China) for a foreign state probably reflects the common process of mythologizing distant and unfamiliar cultures. Pulleyblank (1999), p. 77 notes that it “...is clearly not a transcription of a foreign word” and that the “...earliest datable occurrence seems to be with reference to Gan Ying’s mission of 97 C.E.

Daqin is the ancient Chinese name for Western Asia (the "Near East") and often identified with the Roman empire.
Tiaoz-hi and Shen-du (India, later commonly transliterated as Tianzhu, both derived from the word "Hindoo" or "River Indus").
Egyesek szerint a "DaQin = Tai-Ch'in". (Nagy erő). Másoknál "Daqin=Deacon".
The Da Qin pagoda in the village of Ta Yuin, in the Zhouzhi district near Xi'an.
A mandarin szótár szerint a "qín=madár" meg még 20 másik jelentésű (bright, carve, person, royal, to invade; to infringe;). Uzbek: "qin=vagina" - kész gynaecology. German: "Vulva=Scham". Sanskrit: "vulva= yoni, bhága". (Érdekességként az üzbeg és a turk: "nép = halk" fark-as falk-a. Archi nyelven q'in=bridge.)

To this might it might be added that "qin strings (qinxian) is a term from classical Chinese meaning "vagina", but see Van Gulik, Sexual Life in Ancient China (Qin).

Tovább keletre
Copy of Nestorian Stone, Mt. Koya, Japan. Photograph. The characterisation in the caption of Kobo Daishi, founder of Shingon, as an advocate of “Christianized Buddhism” is debatable. Similar material about the Mt. Koya stone may be found on the Internet, often at sites which claim the Japanese Hatas were Central Asian Nestorian immigrants.

Tripod - Melledények
Breast tripods were a common form of ceremonial chalice in ancient northeastern Asia, from China and Mongolia to southern Siberia. A clay tripod from Aginskoye in the Transbaikal bears narrow incisions of parallel vertical lines on the breasts. In neolithic China, the breastpots of the late Yangshao period are painted with spirals and lines. (A lábas elterjedése a világban.)

Sárkányok
The celestial dragon, t’ien-lung, protected the gods and their heavenly palaces. The earth dragon, ti-lung, ruled over the streams and rivers. The spiritual dragon, shen-lung, had the power to determine how much rain and wind to bring and was worshipped regularly on the first and 15th day of each month. Another Buddhist story concerns the birth of the White Dragon, Bai Long, or “White Thundercloud.”

Mint olvastuk, a "szír"-esz az "kínai", a qin pedig szíriai jelentésű.

Kína hitvilágából

Frog deites
The continuity of frog goddess mythology is reflected in the Neolithic pottery culture in Northwest China, for example in frog images decorating the painted pottery of the Dadiwan Site (in Qi'an county, Gansu province, 5000 BC) and the female frog figures of the Majiayo culture. Name given by archaeologists to a group of Neolithic communities who lived primarily in the upper Yellow River region in eastern Gansu, eastern Qinghai and northern Sichuan, China. The culture existed from 3100 BC to 2700 BC. Mások szerint nem egy nép, hanem egy település - Majiacun - után kapta a kultúra a nevét. Majiacun is a place with a very small population in the province of Henan, China which is located in the continent/region of Asia. Overall, there is striking continuity in both form and design throughout the period and throughout the many different regions occupied by Majiayao peoples.

Vallás
When the first embassy was sent from China to An-Shi (Parthia), the king of An-Shi ordered 20,000 cavalry to meet them on the eastern frontier.... The country of Ta-ts'in is called Li-chien (Li-kin) and, as being situated on the eastern port of the sea, its territory amounts to several thousand li..
Their kings always desired to send embassies to China, but the An-Shi (Parthians) wished to carry on trade with them in Chinese silks, and it is for this reason that they were cut off from communication. This lasted till ... (166 A.D.) when the king of Ta-ts'in, An-tun, sent an embassy who, from the frontier of Jih-nan (Annam) offered ivory, rhinoceros horns, and tortoise.
The emperor gave them permission to practice their religion which he officially named the Ta Ch'in Chiao, the Ta Chinn religion. They themselves used the name Ching Chiao, Luminous Religion (or Illuminating?), and referred to their home church as The Church of the East. The Church of Rome, however, called them "Nestorians", and its thirteenth-century envoys and missionaries to the Far East always referred to the churches of these early missionaries from "The Church of the East" as Nestorian churches.

Tang kor
745-ben Xuanzong császár (uralk. Kr. u. 712–755) a következőképpen fogalmaz a Daqinból (az egykori Római Birodalom keleti részéről) származó, de Kínába Perzsiából érkező vallással kapcsolatban: ,,A szentkönyveken alapuló perzsa vallás eredetileg Daqinból származik. Térítők hozták el (hozzánk), és már régóta terjed a Középső Birodalomban [Kínában]. Mikor templomot építettek (számára), ezt a nevet [perzsa] adták neki. Mivel azonban az emberek számára rá akarunk mutatni (e vallás) eredetére, így a két fővárosban [Chang’anban és Luoyangban] található Perzsa templom (Bosi si) elnevezés változzon Daqin templomra (Daqin si).

Vallások, templomok
Jews and Muslims in China shared the same name for synagogue and mosque, which were both called Qingzhen si "Temple of Purity and Truth" from the thirteenth century. Synagogues and mosques were also known as Libai Si (temple of worship). The Kaifeng Jews were nicknamed "Teaou kin jiao". The usual term for a mosque is qingzhén si, i.e. "true and pure temple". The foreign element, although greatly diluted, came from Arab (Dashi) and Persian (Bosi) traders, who brought Islam to China.



Pesti István 2015 április


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