Történelmi lecke Máriának: Magyarország halszagú, de nem Zsiray módon. Between kŗpate and Ukraaina ? (Ez a kŗpate mintha a körkörös védelemre utalna..)

Asia 5


Turántól az óceánig

Hu-(bal) "Hu" is a generic term. At Tang times, An Lushan the rebel general was a 'Hu'. The term 'Soghdians' was generic in modern writing as well, which means the people from Central Asia. In Tang times, there were numerous statelets in Central Asia, with the Soghdians being only one branch. In 20th century Korea, i.e., 1931, Koreans called Chinese by 'Hu' in their ethnic cleansing.When Koreans said killing the HU, they were saying killing the Chinese.
HU, consisting of two characters 'ancient' and 'moon', were also mistaken as something relating to Yuezhi.Like soundex, the dismantling of Chinese characters was another fallacious approach.

Tokár

Tuk-har-istan - Mi atyánk..
A Dictionary of Tocharian B szerző: Douglas Q. Adams: Menye=Moon, month. Menye Pällent=Full Moon. Tocharian language was similar to Mitanni language of Anatolia. Yuezhi people calling themselves moon people. (Yue=Moon) Mâh-Sakâ in Persian, which means "Moon Sacae". (A finnugorászok halzabáló masszagétája pedig a "mah-saka-ta.)
Mennyek a Mennyekbe, menyem?
A tokár meny apró módosulattal megjelenik a tűzimádóknál is, mint Angra Mainyu. The demons exist in mainyava form, but the divine sphere has its gétig as well as ménég state.
Szaka tyúkok
If one accepts this connection, then the Tukharas (= Rishikas = Yuezhi) controlled the eastern parts of Bactria (Chinese Ta-hia) while the combined forces of the Sakarauloi, Asio (horse people = Parama Kambojas) and Pasinoi of Strabo occupied its western parts after being displaced from their original home in the Fergana valley by the Yuezhi. Ta-hia (Daxia) is then taken to mean the Tushara Kingdom which also included Badakshan, Chitral, Kafirstan and Wakhan.

Red colour
Whether China red refers to a single color or several colors, Chinese people regard it as a symbol of celebration and festivity. This color is deeply rooted in the Chinese mind and has become a symbol of the Chinese nation. China red can be seen everywhere in people's daily life: red silk is used for opening ceremonies and awards ceremonies, red paper is used when signing up for an apprenticeship or swearing brotherhood, red waistbands are worn to drive out evil spirits when it is one's "year" in the Chinese zodiac, red-shelled eggs are given as presents to celebrate the births of a baby, red silk ribbons are used to tie up presents, and red envelopes are used for new year gift money.

Madarak

Bűn
It's a sin. Nepálban pap. Sin: Armenian: melk. Bengali: pap. Marathi: päp. Hindi: päp. Sanskrit: päpá. Norwegian: synd. Finnish: synti.
"Si = breast", ancient chinese.
Mellek:
(breasts) Sloven: pár-si? Sardinian: sinu. Aromanian: sin. Norwegian: pupp. Urdu: pistän. Erzya: pote. [Avestan: pr'sa = to ask, interrogate. Feltehetően nem a "cvat" végződéssel. (persecutor)]
A Pate-Si pedig sumer papkirály volt.
Pashto: "paate = remaining". Sanskrit: paT cl.1.P. %{paTati} , to go , move; to be master , reign , rule , govern , control; [pAta = watched , protected. Nemzetközi szócsalád a latin patronus "pártfogó, védelmező" nyomán?! ]. Patrol.
Női nemiszerv
Vulva: Hebrew: pot. Irish: pit. Lithuanian: pute. Hindi: bhag. Sanskrit: bhága. ..és a béka bekapta a legyet.

Csőr
From gobe, etymologists propose a Gaulish root, *gobbo, meaning beak or mouth (Baumgartner & Menard). Cognates include the Gaelic gob, a beak or bill, and the Irish gob, a bill or a mouth. /bök > köb > göb? vagy göbe? /

Lan-galé-ta és a bök
A langaléta szóban benne lehet az idegen "long" szó, hiszen nyúlánk, magas emberről beszélünk. Hasonló brilliáns logikával a "mangaléta= hosszú puska".. "Gala-na=claw". bök = ‘döf, szúr, taszít’.
A bot szavunk "baton" formában megjelent a franciában is hasonló jelentéstartalommal. De a "butt" {bat} angol szó egyik jelentésében "öklel, döf", valamint a "baton=bot" szintén előfordul. French bâton "stick, walking stick, staff, club, wand," probably of Gaulish origin. A "rod=rud" ennél általában vastagabb és hosszabb.
Az angolban hasonló még: " bat > krikettverővel üt" vagy a "batter=betör". Battle (Latin battuere "to beat, to strike" ; from Vulgar Latin *battälia/patalia). Patalia: csetepaté Pataliputra területén. Otrokocsi-nál "Chate-Paté". CsetePATé > csa-PAT ? Maláj "pat-=stick", de a 10 is pat, s hasonló eredetűnek tűnik, mint a mi "tiz" szavunk, csak a malájban a "patiri=pap", míg a "tiziri" Afrikában égitest. Maláj "ali = bee, hail". Old English hild ("battle"). Malay: patala = regiment, battalion. Nem butélia: A Patalia Peg refers to a quantity that is roughly 120 ml amount of alcohol in a single peg.
Turk szavak: csete = 100 fő alatti létszámú akindzsi osztag, ill. annak portyája, őrjárata, harci tevékenysége

Pika
A bök "b > p" változata: pök, angol 'poke'=bökés, 'poker'=piszkavas. Pök fordítva köp: mintegy hegyeset, szúrósat sercint, o-val: kop, mibol a kopja (másként dárda): böko, öklelo. Bök i-vel és b>p módosulattal: 'pik', mibol a spanyol 'pica'=lándzsa, 'pico'=csor, 'picar'=szúr, tehát a 'pikádor' is a bök szóból ered. Csakhogy a bika, mint "(b)öklelo"=böko, tehát a 'picador' így is ejtheto: bikádor. Angol 'pike'=dárda, lándzsa. [Az én olvasatomban a kopja az fejfa. P.I.]
Ősműveltség
Miután azonban a kopja, lándzsa szúrófegyver is tulajdonképpen bot, sőt némely kezdetleges nép lándzsája még ma is csak meghegyezett, igen kemény fából való bot, ebből az is következik, hogy a szerb-horvát nyelv bode = szúr szava a mi bot szavunkból származott. Ami hogy menyire igaz bizonyítja az oromo nyelv, amelyben betűszerint bode = lándzsa.
Tótfalusi lándzsája.
Az olasz lancia [lancsa] átvétele, ennek forrása a latin lancea (hajítószíjas dárda), a görög lonkhé (‘lándzsa’) származéka. lan ciao = also can mean "blue bird" lan = blue, bird is ciao.

Khoshut - Madárnak is fordították.
The Khoshut (Mongolian: Khoshuud) are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people. Originally, Khoshuuds were one of the Khorchin tribes in southeastern Mongolia, but in the mid-15th century they migrated to western Mongolia to become an ally of Oirats to counter central Mongolian military power A Cossutia név ismert az ókori rómaiaknál is.

White Hmong: noob = mag. Máshol a nub az arany, felhő, nép..

Baga, haka

Az angol nyelvben "hag = boszorkány" és köze sincs a hag-io-graphiához.
Chechen = bekhka -> Albanian = borxh, English = debt, obligation
Chechen = hakkha -> Albanian = terheq, English = draw
Place name: Albo = Baka -> Caucasus = Bako
haga - Visayan-English dictionary.
hagan-hagan = easier, lighter ( pain, work)
hag danan = stairs, steps (bércre HÁG ?)
hagong = drone (bee) = zümmög
haboń = soap = szappan
halalaran = altar
 halambalon = language
hid = wipe
hilit = place
hulat = Hold on = vár, elvár, marad
hul = fall in

Visayan agigising, n. temple (of the head). Agong, n. bell. arado = plow. asawa = wife. ásia (hacia) = against. (ellenség?). bacud =v. fortify. bag bacunawa = n. snake that swallows the moon. baga= v.t. to heat in a forge. bagat = ghost, spectre.

Japan - cukisodnak
chou = shio = tide/moist/wet/damp/flow/. (Si-yo?)
chou = tori = bird/fowl/poultry/
gatsu, getsu = tsuki = moon/month/
haku, byaku = shira, shiro, shiro-i = white/pure/unblemished/bright/
The word is ha'ikara and its etymology was "high collar" of the Western gentleman.

Eng.-Japanese blood = kekkyu; red= seki-kekkya; Harvest= n. saku; Hemp= n. asa;

Koi Glossary
Kohi (or Koyi) is a Sino-Tibetan language belonging to the Kiranti languages spoken in the Khotang district of Nepal.. There are two words that refers to "love" in Japanese; Ai and Koi. Red River - Vietnamese name: Song Koi.
Ai (ah·ih) Pale blue or indigo.
Hi (hih) Fire, red
Sumi (su·mi) Black
Karasu (kah·rah·soo) Crow; black koi with white/orange belly
Kata (kah·tah) Shoulder
Bekko (beh·k·koh) Turtle = teknősBÉKA. Bashkir: tašbaqa. Azeri: tisbaga. Uyghur: tashpaqa. A görög világból a tsakonian nyelvben találjuk meg a béka szavunkat. Derived from the Doric dialec.
Tora (toh·rah) Tiger
Sakura (sah·koo·rah) Cherry blossom

In the Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese and Japanese languages, the term was translated by Kumärajiva and others as "small vehicle", although earlier and more accurate translations of the term also exist. The Tibetan (theg chung) and Mongolian (Baga Holgon) terms for Hinayana also mean "small" or "lesser" vehicle. In tagalog english dictionary, "baga" is "ember". Másfelé a "bika = tűz".
Bhaga = Úr
Sanskrit bhaga, meaning "giver" (baksis?). He is similar to the old-Indian god Bhaga.

bhAga: 1 m. ( %{bhoj}) a part , portion , share , allotment , inheritance (in Ved. also = lot , esp. fortunate lot , good fortune , luck , destiny) RV. &c. &c. ; a part (as opp. to any whole ; %{bhAgam@bhAgam} with Caus. of %{klRp} or %{bhAgAn} with %{kR} , to divide in parts) ; a fraction (often with an ordinal number e.g. %{aSTamo@bhAgaH} , the eighth part , or in comp. with a cardinal e.g. %{zata-bh-} ; 1/100 ; %{azIti-bh-} = 1/80) Up. Mn. MBh. &c. ; a quarter (see %{eka-bh-} , %{tri-bh-}) ; part i.e. place , spot , region , side (ifc. taking the place of , representing) La1t2y. MBh. &c. (in this sense also n. ; see %{bhUmi-bh-}) ; part of anything given as interest W. ; a half rupee L. ; the numerator of a fraction Col. ; a quotient MW. ; a degree or 360th part of the circumference of a great circle Su1ryas. ; a division of time , the 30th part of a Ra1s3i or zodiacal sign W. ; N. of a king (also %{bhAgavata}) Pur. ; of a river (one of the branches of the Candra-bha1ga1) L. ; mfn. relating to Bhaga (as a hymn) Nir. ; n. N. of a Sa1man A1rshBr.

India kapuja előtt - Isten szolgája.
The meager remains of Bactrian so far described are usefully supplemented by some identifiable Bactrian loanwords in other, better-known languages. As well as words already attested in Bactrian (e.g., Pers, xidêv < Bactr. xoadêo “lord,” Kroraina Prakrit personal name Vagamarega < bago “god” plus marêgo “servant” these include some new vocabulary".....bagolaggo [-?g] “temple” (baka-lak?),..... most of the “Bactrian” legends are virtually identical in vocabulary and phraseology to their Pahlavi equivalents. (A szerző szerint a "beka" kínai eredetű. a turkoknál átvétel.)

Baqa chinese origin
bagalzuur: throat [OM bagaldighur < *baga- and baqalaghur < *baqa-, cp. Tur boghaz, OT. *boghaz, Jap fukumu hold in mouth, Kor mok neck; see booh].
Tunguz
Nan. ambar 'evil spirit' is not quite clear. Nanai: "anda=friend". *arpa = barley: Despite its isolated nature, the Manchu word is certainly archaic and can hardly be explained as a borrowing < Mong. arbai, despite Rozycki 20.
Solon: "amur=river". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*kamur-=together, gather". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bag- = white, clear. Evenki: "baka-=to find". Evenki: "begdi=láb". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*biaga=Moon". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*biaru=birka". Evenki: "bilga=torok". Orok: "dada-qta=breast". Evenki: "čal-Baka =half Moon". Evenki: "dilačä=sun". Evenki: "dil, del=fej". Oroch: "zsidi=hegygerinc". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*gabu-ni- = hill, mound". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*galu-=gyűlöl". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*gob-=to hunt". Evenki: "kar, kari=rod,karó". Negidal: "kas=keresztül-kasul". Nanai: "kergi=kör, gyűrű". Nanai: "qirol=sablon,minta". Evenki: "kiran=sólyom". Literary Manchu: "qobi = hole, hollow, cavity". Evenki: "kuku=kék". Manchu: "hulan=kémény". Ulcha: "qula=worm". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*kupe-=hill, mound/kupac". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*kur-=gurul". Even: "qurgi, kur=whirlwind" (hur?). Evenki: "kuta=bog, marsh". Negidal: "lapikta=lapocka". Oroch: "loke=róka". Proto-Tungus-Manchu: "*mar-=marsh". Oroch: "nada=7". Udighe: "xaluga=kalapács". Orok: "pana=shadow". Nanai: "pata=feet pads, hoof". Evenki: "sir-=spring, well". Evenki: "siki=sáros, mocsaras". Jurchen: "tixo=tyúk". Evenki: "tokor-=wheel, hoop". Ulcha: "tuli= external side".

Közép-Ázsia "Bátor =baga-tur".
I think that this word consists of two words; baɤa and tor. The word baɤa is probably the same word as baqa 'frog,toad'. In Turkic, the phonetic change of /q/ and /ɤ/ is very common between vowels, e.g. Uyg., MK buqa 'bull', Chag. buɤa id., Kum. boɤa id. Actually, the word baqa in Uygur is attested in the form of baɤa in both Kypchak and Osman. Here we can induce that the word baɤator might mean 'prince of toads or frogs' or the like, designating a hero metaphorically. It is not surprising that baɤa in the word baɤator is the same as the word baqa meaning "toad or frog". As is well known, in the ancient period, Hyung-nu and Turkic peoples took their titles from animals', for example, baqa tarqan'ruler of frogs', boqa qaɤan 'king of bulls', böri kaɤan 'king of wolfs', sonkor tigin 'prince of hawks', etc.

Bíbor palástban jött Keletről

Koguryo ősi vezetőjének címe: kocuka. Martine Irma Robbeets: turu 'crane, stork' 297, 340, 369 ... K turumi, MK turumi, pK * turumi 'crane', OTk. turunja, MK turna, Tk. turna. (Japanese tsuru, “crane”, Mongolian togoruu, “crane”)
Crane - Jacquelyn M. Howard
Their Eocene-era calls and "sprightly dance" (to paraphrase William Wordsworth's "Daffodils") are unmistakable and captivating - they etch into your soul. .. There is palpable excitement within the group with each sighting; cries of turumi, turumi!

Selyemút

A Selyemút mentén
A Selyemút keletről, a császári birodalom idején neves Csang'antól, vagyis a mai Senhszi tartomány Hszi'an városától indult. Teljes hossza meghaladja a 7000 kilométert, amelynek több mint fele Kínában húzódik.
Egy 2010-ben indított ásatás eredményeinek nyomán a szakemberek bizonyságot szereztek arról, hogy az északnyugat-kínai Kanszu tartományban, a Hejho folyó nyugati partján már 4100-3600 évvel korábban is éltek emberek, akik növénytermesztéssel foglalkoztak és rezet olvasztottak.

Kam-a sutra
A Yenisei (Jenyiszej) régi neve Kam.

The Oceanic Languages, Their Grammatical Structure, Vocabulary, and Origin. szerző: Daniel Macdonald
Kele-ti, v.t. (see golu-ti, gele-ti, gel i, gulu-ti, kaluti) as , keleti, kel, or golu nasu, put the bowstring on a bow. (Ayza az íjat.)
Kiliti: anyadisznó
Kini na: ujj, karom . (Mint nyugaton Sham (karom) > kina.)
(H. gara= scratch, scrape. /see Ef.gura i, magir./)
My. garu, garu-t, garo-k; Ef. karo, karu-ti, "to scrape". (Karmolni, karistolni.)

Japanese and Uyghur Grammars
Uyghur, like all the other Turkic languages, has a word order of subject+object+verb (SOV), and is considered to be an agglutinative language

Selyemút
Bailey’s argument that the Chinese Da Yuezhi referred to the same people as those known in the Classical texts as the Tocharoi people who invaded Bactria and provides, I believe, very strong evidence for the equivalence of these two names. Following from this it is likely the ‘Kara’ mentioned of some of Kujula’s coins denotes that he belongs to the Gara people = the Yuezhi.

symbol
The ancient Chinese symbol for emperor is a female symbol.
Selyem út - Enciklopedia
There are numerous theories about the origin of the Chinese name "Yuezhi", written with the characters yue = moon and shi = clan, but none has yet found general acceptance.
Elképzelhetően nem a "to-kar" nép alapította Japánban a "shin-to" vallást. Ellenben a "Csokoládé-dombok"-at az ő nevükhöz kapcsolják.
Hephthalites Although the Hephthalites dominated much of Central Asia and Northern India at the height of their power (approximately 460 to 570), little information about their civilization is available. Historians tend to fall into two camps when discussing Hephthalite origins. One theory is that the Hephthalites were once part of the Juan-juan confederacy of Turkic nomadic peoples (there are similarities in portraiture found on Hephthalite and Yuezhi coins). This suggests evidence of a common Western China homeland for both these cultures. An alternate explanation put forth by Kazuo Enoki in the 1950s is that the Hephthalites were an Iranian group who settled in the Altai region, from where they began their military expansion south into the Bactrian region. Although their origins are not clear, by the year 500 branch empires of the Hephthalites controlled an area stretching south from Transoxiana to the Arabian Sea, and as far west as Khurasan (the eastern-most part of the Sassanian empire), and all of northern India to the east.

Stein: Sculptured group in Mogao Cave, one of the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas at Tun-huang, showing Buddha surrounded by Dvarapalas (guardians) and Bodhisattvas (saints) (Stein 1912). [Dvara > Darv?]

Oirats - Uradyn Erden Bulag
hal = gal (fire)
aug-a = great, powerful, mighty
Jellemzőjük a "mongol folt /Mongolian spot=Mongol tolbo", ami "kék folt=höh tolbo" néven is ismert. A mongolok az ősi földjüknek a Halh-landot tartják, de a "szülőföld/motherland = eh oron". Dél-Mongóliát a helyiek nevezik Nan-Menggu néven. Az oyrat (kalmük) népet turk szomszédai qalmq néven emlegeti.
A keleti mongolok közül a Halh volt a central (töv) vagy core (gol) tümen. /tő szavunk? S ha a "gol=core" akkor az Egyn-Gol? The Mongolian words for river are gol and mörön./
A burjátokat orosz bevándorlóknak (Orosiin tsagaachid), /a "rus"-t a mongol is "orosz"-nak hallotta/ illetve "szülőföld nélküli nép"-nek (eh oronguichuud) nevezték. The Tayichiud (Tai-chuud) was one of the three core tribes of the Khamag Mongol confederation in Mongolia during the 12th century. Indiában "chuddies" (underpants). Mongol állam = Mongol-chuud. (Máshol a csud az elkülönült.)

Kína

Pan Gate
Originally built during the Spring and Autumn period in the state of Wu, historians estimate it to be around 2,500 years old. It is now part of the Pan Gate Scenic Area. It is known for the "three landmarks of Pan Gate".

Kanton
Gelding: shín má. (cantonese)
Ginger: kéung
Ditch-gate :shui kwán.
Vagina: Chinese people in South East Asia and mainland China normally spell it as "ci bai". In Hong Kong, perhaps in East Asia region, Hokkien people or users of this word like to spell it as "ji bai".
Doorkeeper: hón mún. (Mun=kapu; hón=őr)
Dict. cantonese. kache =lorry (car, kocsi). airen =lover [Ay-zsena?].

Sik - színek
black = hāk sīk
white = baahk sīk
gray = fūi sīk
red = hùhng sīk
blue = làahm̀ sīk
yellow = wòhng sīk
green = luhk sīk
orange = chàahng sīk
purple = jí sīk
brown = fē sīk


University - Heritage
The Founding President of Herguan University, Ying Qiu Wang, has spent his life in the pursuit of knowledge as a practitioner of Oriental Medicine.
In Chinese, “her” translates to “core,” and guan translates to gate.
Szellemidézés - Hmong
“The sky gate is opening up (rooj ntug qhib); there is a gate (rooj vaj) [to the World of the Above]. Then somebody told me: “Look at Lady Kaying”. I saw a door opening. [Kaying] was wearing a very white dress, she was very beautiful, […] standing in front of the gate, moving. […] I now understood why we call in these spirits to bless. They really exist”. [open Hmong eyes = qhib Moob qhov muag]

Gaochang
The site is also known in published reports as Chotscho, Khocho, Qocho, or Qočo. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, "Gaochang" was referred to as halánc Halahezhuo (Qara-khoja) and Huozhou.
Egyik képmellékleten Manichaean papok láthatóak fazék formájú fejdísszel, egy másik kép a 7. századi nesztoriánus templom falfestménye.

Csája
Nem tej, tea. Min Nan Chinese name: té, teh, tey.
Most Chinese languages, including Mandarin and Cantonese, referred to the stuff by a word that is pronounced like “chá.” But other dialects, including Min Nan Chinese, which was spoken around Fujian, Malaysia, Indonesia and Taiwan, referred to it by a word that sounds more like "te."

Székfoglaló

Chair - segghely.
Finnugor szék: Ótörök eredetű: oszmán seki, tatár szeke, kazah szeki (‘pad, padka’).
Pad / Bench: Central Melanau: baku; Icelandic: bekkur; Faroese: bonkur m, bekkur;

Segg / Ass: Lithuanian: šikna;
Ül / sit: Albanian: ulem; German nyelvekben a SI toldalékolt változatai: Faroese: sita; Norwegian: sitte; Low German: sitten. (Si terület.) Néhány nép pedig istenien érzi magát ülve: Mazanderani: hëništen; Estonian: istuma; Welsh: eistedd. shekinah all over.

Hungarian: szék
Japan: szeki
Sicilian: seggia
Neapolitan: seggia
Maltese: siggu
 Hiligaynon: siya
Tagalog: silya
Latin: sella
Walloon: sele
Spanish: silla
 Asturian: siella
Persian: sandali
Tajik: sandali
Turkish: sandalye
Mongolian: sandal, suudal
 Pali: assana.





Seat - Ülés
Chechen: (seat of honor) barč; French: siége; German: Sitz; Japanese: seki; Timaru-Kast keltái: ír SUIGH ülni > SUI ülö helyzet, SUIOCHÁN szék, ülés, pad; ülep (segg); lakhely (szék). török SAGKI hátsó rész, far; régi török SÁKLI szék, tatár SEKE pad, mongol SEGÜKE szék. Japanese "soko=bottom/segg". Mongol: szuuh=to sit/ül". Kör-ül-Taj? Barcs magyar település az Ormánság szélén.

Bench - Pad
Faroese: bekkur; Italian: panca; CIGÁNY: pádo; (Az "o" végű cigány szavakat átvételnek gondoljuk a roma nyelvben. Pl: ács > ácso; ág > ágo; baj > bajo;) FERÖERI: pallur.

People - A halak népe avagy tüzek?
Chuvash: halâk
Tatar: halük
Turkish: halk
Turkmen: halk
Uzbek: halq

Az ezüst

Argentum
The word usually reconstructed for ‘silver’ in proto-Lolo-Burmese is *C-ŋweffi (B 1979] #401b), but in several Loloish languages this etymon has become the autonym (Bradley [1979]) and it was replaced by the word *pluffi ‘white’ (#501) in the meaning ‘silver’. However some Burmish languages su  as Hpun (H [1986]), have forms that could go ba  to proto-Lolo-Burmese *mwe and pre-proto-Lolo-Burmese *mul by regular sound laws. e actual Hpun form for ‘silver’ is myáiŋ.

Silver
When I think of Silver I see the Moon (Selena), the Sky (Syl), Shinny Rivers (Argos Argentum), Forests covered with Snow (Silva...) or the Silver Wolf ( silver hair - gray).
Égies és légies:
1. SIL ( Sky, Heaven - Syl (Creole), Sila (Inuit), Cel(Catalan), Cielo (Spanish)
2.PIE - Klep , Old Indian - Silpa --- wet, to become wet ( just like quicksilver - mercury )
Sky and Wet are related just like Nev and Neb.
Also wet: Argos and Argent.

Rizsa
[Bai]-4 meaning ‘white or polished rice’. Corresponding Vietnamese sound for [Bai] is Bạch meaning White. However Bạch could also be metaphorically linked with [Bak] in Mon Khmer or Bạc in Vietnamese, meaning ‘Silver’.

In Hokkien it’s pua, in Mandarin it’s pan, which means half. fél > dél > OCS děliti (to divide).
Régi kínai szó az "ég, menny" fogalomra: qilian. (kunlun) < Tokár kaelum < latin Caelum.

Tuisland etymology
Note also chí?/di ‘islet’ [Shi], and zho u?/ts ju/ *tu ‘island in a river’ [BI, Shi].
Kékek - visitors
Khek/ke(k), k?(k?)/ n. [Teo. ? keh4 visitor, guest, outsider; opp. of ‘host’; that which is outside one’s door; (dial.) relating to the Hakka (Chaozhou Dict.); Mand. ke visitor; guest (Chi.–Eng. Dict.)] A n. 1 A Hakka: a member of a people now dwelling in parts of southern China, especially in ?? Guangdong (Kwangtung or Canton) Province, and in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, etc., or a descendant thereof living in another part of the world. The ancestors of the Hakka or Khek are said to have originated from around ?? Hénán and ?? Shanxi Provinces in northern China, and to have moved southwards in several waves of migration starting more than 2,700 years ago. 2 The Chinese dialect of the Hakka or Khek people, which is widely spoken in Singapore. B a. Of or pertaining to the Hakka or Khek and their culture.

Korea

Szószedet kártyán
chitsol (chi-sol) toothbrush
mul (mool) water
haneul (ha-neul) sky
bada (ba-da) the sea, the ocean
badak (ba-dag) floor
boda (bo-da) to see, to look
dok (dok) poison, earthenware pot

Korea pal
The founder of Tangun's Korea was King Paktal which was changed into Tangun afterwards. Originally, "Paktal" was the name adopted long before by the tribe to which his father belonged. The forebears of this tribe, who believed the sun to be a mass of burning fire, called themselves the tribe of "pul" (later inflected into "pal" or "pak"). Later they suffixed it with "tal", the ancient Korean noun of the mountain pointing to the place of their domicile; hence, they passed as the "paktal" tribe. The meaning of this tribe name is that our forebear is the sun (fire) and we (our tribe) are the posterity of the sun.
The Korean Language. szerző: Iksop Lee,S. Robert Ramsey /cip un = house. kam=to wind. kay=dog./
Jég N-Korea Eoreum Bosungi
Archaikus szó a koreaiban az íjra "hu". (hur? huld?)

Korea
The ancient Korean language was divided into two dialects: Puyo and Han. Puyo was spoken in Manchuria and northern Korea, while Han was spoken in southern Korea.

Kristin Denham,Anne Lobeck
For instance, in Korean, /phal/ means 'arm', while /pal/ means 'foot'. Thal=mask, Tal=Moon.

Consonant Lenition in Korean and the Macro-Altaic Question szerző: Samuel Elmo Martin
*gyum OCh "bear" (S áldott a te méhednek..)
hala- Ma "change it"
hasa- Khalka "curtail, cut" (hasít, vág)
kes Tr/Uzbek "cut"

Hwarang
The name Hwarang, too, was originally not hwarang; [rather], because it was seon’in (?? ‘forebear’) the history of their origin was names Seon-sa (?? ‘faerie history’). As a result, even the “Hwarang-gi” record in the Samguk-yusa says Great King Jinheung {r.540-576} worshipped sinseon (‘holy faeries’) and created the Hwarang, but this misunderstood that the creation of the Hwarang was [itself an act of] venerating the sinseon.

Swadesh lists - Altay
Oroqen "asi=woman". Mongolian "seed=ur", Korean "seed=ssi". Oroqen: "ear=shen". Oroqen "Moon=Bega".

Koreai pénz
Middle Korean kay 'dog'
Japonic
There are two words for lion in the Manchu language: arsalan and erselen. Both are loans from the Mongolian language
taira(n) 'temple'. Middle Korean työr 'temple'. Old Japanese: tera = temple.
Paekche: *sema 'island'. Pre-Old Japanese: *sema. Old Japanese: sima. Érdekességnek: “corporate society” (kigyo shakai). kigyö (Japanese) enterprise, company

Szamuraj
Sekisho - Toll barriers. One of the ways sengoku daimyo gathered income-especially in the provinces around Lake Biwa, Tollbooths were particularly unpopular. Oda Nobunaga's abolition of tool booths in the Kinai brought him considerable acclaim from the people.
Torii - Distinctive Shinto gateway, the most famous of which stands on Miyajima Island as part of the Itskushima Shrine. Utsu - To attack. Shijô - Satellite castle or fort that acts as part of a defensive system anchored by a primary castle (Honjô). Oshiro - A castle. Kori - District, a subsection of a KUNI (province). Bo - Wooden staff primarily used by non-samurai in the Edo period.

English-Korean phonetic dict.
half-moon bandal [b(p)ahn-dahl]
full moon boreumdal [b(p)oh-ruuhm-dahl]
frog gaeguri [g(k)ae-goo-ree]
forehead ima [ee-mah]
feather git-teol [g(k)eet-tuhl]
crane (bird) hak [hahk]
smile miso [mee-soh]

Temetés

Yuezhi
The Archaeologist Yu. Zadneprovskiy compared funerals with podboys (in Russianspeaking literature - digging a niche in the side of the grave where the deceased is placed), described by his Chinese colleagues in Gansu – the city of Haladun, Minkin, with those from the areas around the Ili river, the Issyk-Kul lake, and the Ferghana Valley and found a great similarity in the funeral rites. Out of all of them, 80% were in the pits, which is typical for the Sakas and 17% with the podboy, which, in turn, were typical for the Yuezhi. He also described over 300 "podboy" funerals in the area of the Ferghana Valley and Isfarin.
Tocharian funerals in Xinjiang are exactly indetical to the Kushan ones.
Such a funeral rite (a burial in a side niche, or a "podboy") can be found much earlier in the Alans, the ancient Bulgars, and even in a part of the Tatars, living in Bulgaria, in the village of Trastenik.

Elfelejtett
két, egymás mellett fekvő sír, amelyet egy vagy két földalatti alagút köt össze. Az avaroknál szokásos padmalyos temetkezés mai napig gyakorolt hazánkban. Vaj a soknemzetiségűnek mondott avarság mely népeinél gyakori még ez a stílus?
Sulinet
Maga a padmaly szó általában „a folyó alámosott partüregét" jelenti, amely a szlovénban és a szlovákban ugyanilyen jelentéssel megtalálható. A magyarban alakult ki a sírban lévő, többnyire oldalra vájt üreg jelentése, mégpedig igen korán, mivel az egész nyelvterületen általánosan ismerik, ami régiségének egyik bizonyítéka (Balassa 1989,32).
Jelentése
E szó vagy öszvetett pad és mál vagyis mally szókból, oly mally, mely valaminek padján, alapján, alján létezik; (Bemélyedés a sír lábánál oldalra.) Sorani kurd "mâł=house, home". mal=bird.
A székelyeknél: padmaj, padmoj; Tornában, Abaújban padlan. Néhutt: pandal. V. ö. PAN-DAL. Korean "Bandal = Half-Moon". A city in the Nilgiris district of the state of Tamil Nadu is named Pandalur.
Elterjedése
A sírgödör padmalyos kiképzése ugyancsak a korszak jellegzetes sírkialakítási módja, mely néhány zalai temetőn kívül (Söjtör, Kehida-Fövenyes, Zalakomár) a Dunától északra fekvő Kisalföldön, főként Pozsony környékén, továbbá a Havasalföldön ismert. Avestan pantā ‘path’. Armenian hun ‘ford’.
Turán
A kazak temetők egyik leginkább feltűnő látványa, hogy a sírhant és a sírjel nem együtt látható: ez minden kétséget kizáróan a padmalyos temetkezés jele. A padmaly (oldalkamra) kiképzése Dél- és Nyugat Kazakisztánra jellemző. A törzsi hagyományokon túl a talaj szerkezetével is összefügg, hiszen a padmalyt csak kötött, agyagos talajon lehet építeni. A sírgödör jobb oldalán alakítják ki, a sír alján. Oda teszik le a gyolcsba csavart holttestet. A sírjelet az elhunyt fejéhez állítják, míg a halom jóval távolabb található.
A padmalyos sír a mai uyghur területen is előfordul. A régi tochar népnél szintén volt pandal. A tochar nép Strabo szerint a Passianis és Sakarulis népekkel együtt a BC 2. században elérte Baktriát. Van aki a tocharB csoportot a kuchean néppel azonosítja. Baktria a közép-perzsában Tugr-istan, noha nem tünnek köristeneseknek. A Bishkets Völgyben számos sírt tártak fel, egy részük padmalyos volt. A "tgr" Ugaritban "kapu" jelentésű volt. The tögrög or tugrik is the official currency of Mongolia. Mongolian tögrig, literally, circle, wheel.

Nyelvek eredete Merritt Ruhlen
"Het = Man" (kott nyelv). Az ajtó szavunk hasonlói a Kott athol és az Arin ejtol. Ay+To. A "to=kapu" a japánok felé. Érdekességként az ógörög vulva = aidoion.
IE: The American Heritage Dictionary Indo-European Roots Appendix
bhag- To share out, apportion, also to get a share.
-phage, -phagia, phago-, -phagous; esophagus, from Greek phagein, to eat (< "to have a share of food").
porgy, from Greek phagros, whetstone ("eater, that eats metal"), also a name for the sea bream, from Greek suffixed form *phag-ro.
nebbish, from a Slavic source akin to Czech neboh, poor, unfortunate, from Common Slavic *ne-bogu, poor ("un-endowed").
pagoda; Bhagavad-Gita, from Sanskrit bhaga, good fortune.
bhakti, from Sanskrit bhajati, he apportions.
Extended form *bhags. baksheesh, buckshee, from Persian bakhshidan, to give, from Avestan bakhsh.

Dragon - Itt sárkányok vannak!
Athebascin (Alasken): Manchu. Danish: drage. Greek (ancient): Male: drakkon (or thrakon). Malay: Naga. New Zeland (Maori): tarakona.

Manichean dragon:
Az avesta "aži" eredetileg "kígyó" jelentésű volt, mint a makedon "sárkán", s számos nyelvben az is maradt: žil. A "Yidgha és a Munji" dialektusban ma is iž a kígyó. Manichean Middle Persian "mazans = dragon".

Hétfejű - Parodia
The Seven Headed Snake - Inyoka Makhandakhanda! The mysterious seven headed snake has been talked about for generations in Swaziland.
Dragon
A sárkány szavunk más nyelvekben a dracon variánsa. Eltérő: Scandinavian: Orm, Ormr. Malay: Naga. Greek: Male: drakos (or thrakos).
Nishino Terutaro, ‘Kokusai kankyo kara mita Okinawa fukki: tosho jumin no jiketsuken to jichiken,’ Okinawa fukki no kihon mondai: 1970 Okinawa chosa hokoku, (Tokyo: Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan Chosa Rippo Kosakyoku, 1971), 20.
Teknős - hátán viszi a világot.
In Japanese mythology, the tortoise supports the ‘Abode of the Immortals’ and the ‘Cosmic Mountain’, where the Cosmic Mountain relates to the axis mundi – the world axis.
The Korean (and Japanese) turtle tomb guardian genbu are likely derived from both the Indian and Chinese Shang dynasty myths.
A teknős a hosszú élet szimbóluma is.

Dunhuang
A similar notion seems to be at work in Old English ?unwange, Old Norse ?unn-vangi, Old High German dunwangi "temple," literally "thin cheek." The less-likely guess is that it is associated with tempus span "timely space" (for a mortal blow with a sword).

Vocabulary
ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. szerző: Axel Schuessler
Péng = string, zsinór, megfeszít, felhangol. Gitárom pengetem..
Pönh= koporsót földbe helyezni, temetni
Bán = handle, manage. Bánni valamivel, kezelni, igazgatni.

Hmong
child = menyuam. dog = dev. snake = nab. feather = plaub. wing = tis. breast = mis. moon = hli. water = dej. ice = dej khov. fire = taws.

Moon - Sino-Caucasian Etymology:
Meaning: Moon / Hold
Yasin: halánc
Hunza: halánc
Nagar: halánc
 Meaning: Moon (Hasonlításnak)
Finnish: Kuu (h>k)
Estonian: kuu
Northern Sami: mánnu
 Meaning: mud flood, mud avalanche
Yasin: mos
Hunza: mos
Nagar: mos
 Meaning: walnut (shelled)
Nagar: khakhàjo



Burushaski
child = heles; father = tati/tata; worm =ghalgho; bark (of a tree) =szar; wing =galgi; haláncmoon =halanz; house = ha; wall = baal; sick (or painful) =lahaaz/kholom;

Nestorian China
Christianity was first introduced into China from Central Asia during the early years of the Tang dynasty (618-907), as part of a widepread missionary movement by the Assyrian Church, the members of which are widely but inaccurately referred to as Nestorian Christians. Christianity in China was supressed in the mid ninth century, but underwent a revival under the Khitan and Mongol regimes from the 12th to the 14th centuries, and during the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) the "Nestorian" church had a strong presence amongst the Uighur population in the western fringes of China.

Mongol
The word mal in the Siberian Turkic languages which were influenced by the Mongol language acquired the meaning “cattle”. Nostratic etymology: *mule = horned animal. (Marha)
The ancient Mongol word üker and its modern Khalkha-Mongol and Buryat counterpart ükher stand for “cattle, bull, cow, ox”. In the western Buryat dialects and the Kalmyk language this word usually denotes a “cow”.
In the Mongol languages of Inner Mongolia (including Chahar and Ordos) the word ükher denotes “cattle”. In the Dagur language B.Kh. Todaeva [1986, p. 179] has found the lexical unit khukur which means “cattle, cow, bull”. In the “Abridged Dagur-Russian dictionary” [2014, p. 191] the word khukur is used solely for “cattle”. In the ancient Turkic language there is a lexical analogue öküz, ögüz (bull, ox). The “Comparative grammar of the Turkic languages. Vocabulary” [2001, p. 439-440] states that this word is widely used in all Turkic languages. The Altaic scholars compare it with the Mongol form üker which goes back to the Turkic protoform *(h)ükez. The Mongol and other Bulgar languages within the Turkic group rhotacized this Common Turkic word. Since the modern Chuvash language has the lexical unit văkăr (bull, ox) and the Hungarian language possesses the similar word ökör, the ancient Bulgar language also had this word form. We can assume that the ancient Mongols adopted this word from one of the ancient Bulgar languages along with other dairy cattle terms.

Imádat - Parast. (kresztyányin = parast= földműves; szláv nyelv a sanskrit földből.)
Tajik: ibodat. Uzbek: siginish. Turkish ibadet. Latin cultus. Greek: latreía. Kurmanji: peristin. Urdu: 'ibädat, paras. Mint említettem, a Csokoládé-dombok felé "ima=kéz".

Altaic
These ten are the deities found on the Altaic texts. They resolve themselves into spirits of heaven, ocean, cloud, dawn, sunset, the sun, the moon, water and fire. These were exactly the deities adored by the Akkadians (who did not, like the Semitic peoples, worship stars and planets, which they regarded as * manslayers'), and also by the Hittites, who swore by Is-tar (the Akkadian light-goddess), by Set {' the sun '), and by the rivers, clouds, winds, and mountains. I have devoted a few pages in ' Syrian Stone-Lore ' to the explanation of the purely natural origin of this animistic belief.* The Masdean religion is founded upon it, and the Parsee veneration of fire, water, and other phenomena of nature, keeps alive still the same system.

Legendás kreaturák
Tajik: пакана (pakana), пастак (pastak), адпаст (qadpast) = törpe.

A Takla Makan ősi vízrendszere

Nem egyszerű a régészek dolga a Takla Makán sivatag kutatásánál, ugyanis a kínai állam ritkán ad ki kutatási engedélyt. Ezt azzal magyarázzuk, hogy a tájon nem éppen hanok éltek, így nem érdeke Kínának egy idegen múlt feltárása saját birodalmában. Persze, még mindig jobb egy területet régészetileg fel nem tárni, mint Palmyrához hasonlóan leromboltatni, végképp eltörölni.
A vízrendszer és a falak a Föld több pontjának ókorából ismert, lehetne keresni az analogiákat. Na, ez meg végképp nem a hanok érdeke... Felszín alatti vízvezeték rendszerek ismertek Belső-Ázsiából és Afrikából is.
A Takla Makan területéről eddig vagy 1100 kutat és mintegy 5000 km hosszú csatornarendszert találtak a régészek.
Halál tengere, mondják a Takla Makánra, amely egyesek szerint 3,3 millió éve alakult ki. Mások emberi tevékenység maradványait látják műholdakról.

Religions
Culture and religion also moved along the Silk Road. Before Islam established a firm grip on central Asia, the Uyghurs practiced Buddhism, Manicheanism, Nestorian Christianity, and other religions. Buddhism came north from India across the Karakoram Range. Extraordinary examples of this culture were found in caves at Bezeklik, near modern-day Turpan (see photograph 2). The Manichean faith arrived from Persia and Nestorian Christianity from Asia Minor. The former was founded by Manes in the 3rd century AD. To escape persecution, many Manicheans moved into central Asia. Until German archaeologists unearthed whole libraries in the Turpan area, this creed was thought to have no literature. The Nestorians, outlawed by the Council of Ephesus in 5th century AD, fled eastward. Because so many of its adherents were traders and missionaries, the creed eventually took root along the Silk Road. Nestorian manuscripts were discovered at the Gaochang ruin in the early 20th century. All three cultures were extinguished from central Asia by the tidal wave of Islam, with Tamerlane driving the final nail in their coffin in the 14th century.

Óceán a felszín alatt - Megköti a széndioxidot?
The team visited nearly 200 different locations across the desert to collect deep underground water samples. They then measured the amount of carbon dioxide in each water sample, and discovered that it had high concentrations of carbon dioxide — enough that suggested the ground was absorbing about 500 billion pounds of the greenhouse gas each year.

Víznyerő
Karez wells of Turfan area are listed by UNESCO as world heritage. Karez wells are a successful application of the sinking technology of the Central Plains in the Turfan area. It is a historic inheritance and promotion of the sinking technology of the Central Plains, and plays a very important role in the study of the sinking technology both in the Central Plain and in the Middle and West Asia. There are more than 1400 Karez wells in Turfan area, among which 538 sets are in Turfan city, 418 sets in Pichan (Shanshan) and 180 sets in Toqsun. The total length amounts to more than 5000 km with an annual runoff volume up to 300 million cubic meters. Shanshan királyság (Loulan) volt a LopNur környékén. A shan-t írják gyűrűzésnek is, de azért nem sánc. Máshol a shan az "bölcs folyó" (wise river), az íreknél sean. Shan meaning mountain in Mandarin, lásd Emei shan, ami nem az Imeon hegy.

Rokonok
From North Africa, Iberia and across the Middle East to Central Asia and northwestern China, these are qanats—subterranean aqueducts. Known by different names in different places, they all do the same thing: channel precious water from springs, lakes, streams and aquifers to low-lying fields in arid plains. Hand-dug and requiring routine, hands-on maintenance, they date back 3000 years, and many are still supplying farms and drinking water. Magyar utazó
Shambhala
The next political exploitation of the Shambhala legend occurred in Mongolia. Baron von Ungern-Sternberg, a German who lived in Russia, was an avid anti-Bolshevik. During the Civil War that followed the Russian Revolution of 1917, he fought in Siberia with the White Russian (Czarist) forces. He successfully invaded Outer Mongolia in 1920 to free it from the Chinese. Notorious for his cruelty, Ungern slaughtered thousands of Chinese, collaborator Mongols, Russian Bolsheviks, and Jews, earning himself the nickname “Mad Baron.” Ungern believed that all Jews were Bolsheviks.

Aurel Stein
The relics of an ancient oasis city have become their key focus. This city within a square walled enclosure is seen by some archeologists as the best preserved city ever found in the southern Taklamakan desert. It can be dated back to over 1800 years ago. What caused the decline of this once prosperous settlement? Our reporter Wu Lei talked to one of the experts.
"Now you could not find any living plants around the city. But over a thousand years ago, this place would have been quite different. Because of the water, there would have been many species growing and living here. And in large numbers."

Vízrendszer - a kút
In the language of the Uyghur ethnic minority, the word “karez” means “well”, so it should come as no surprise that the karez water system is made up almost entirely of wells!
The average karez is about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long, with the longest being about 30 kilometres (19 mi) and the shortest being just 30 metres (98 ft.)
Similar water systems known as qanats became popular in Persia and the Middle East around about 800 BC. The oldest karez date back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC– 220 AD), although most of them were masterminded during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912).

Turfan
The Turfan Depression, like the Tarim Basin, is an area of inland drainage. It has no rivers of any size, but many small streams run down to the habitable plain from the southern slopes of the Atash Tagh. These streams provide surface irrigation to the northern edge of the habitable plain, but as the latter dips to the south surface irrigation is replaced by kariz, long underground irrigation channels which are the most characteristic feature of Turfan. It seems likely that this sophisticated end costly technique for irrigating areas of extreme aridity was introduced to Sinkiang from the Middle East; certainly underground irrigation channels are common in northwest India and Iran (where they are known as ganets), similarly the famous "aqueduct" which supplies water to Mecca and which is said to have been built on the instructions of queen Zubayda, wife of the cAbbasId Caiiph Harun al-RashId, is in fact a kariz.

Régi lakosság
Two of the earliest Takla Makan mummies come from the area around Loulan; however, they predate the city by 2000 years. Buried between 2000 and 1500 BC, the artifacts found in their graves show a shared agrarian lifestyle and distinct northern European cultural markers. She was buried in woolen clothing, including a skirt, fur-lined leather ankle boots and a woolen felt cap with a feather. Although her clothing is predominantly brown, the cap was edged with a cord of plaited blue and red cords.



Pesti István 2016 december




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