Afrika 19. rész


Érdekességek Afrikából is, valamint bantu nyelvek térképe.

Nyugat-Afrika

A NOK civilizáció
The remarkable civilization of the Nok was first discovered in 1928 when a wealth of unique terracotta artefacts was unearthed by tin miners in the southern part of Kaduna state in central Nigeria. Since then, extensive archaeological excavations and research into the Nok have revealed that they may have been the first complex civilization in West Africa, existing from at least 900 BC until their mysterious disappearance in around 200 AD.
A római, han, pártus birodalmak korában Afrika nyugati részén is létezett egy fejlett civilizáció, a hermafrodita nok nép kulturköre.

Epika Afrikából
The Mali Empire was the second of these three great medieval empires, which united vast areas of West African forest, mountain, savanna, and desert, and a rich diversity of peoples, including cattle herders, farmers, fishermen, traders, and nomads. History and legend credit Sundjata Keita [aka: Sundjata, Son-Jara, Keyta, born c. C.E. 1210? – died 1255 or 1260?] with founding the Mali Empire in 1235. From the small state of Kangaba, Sundjata united heartland clans, challenged the dominant Soso peoples then ruling the Ghana Empire, and defeated Soso King Sumamuru Kante (aka: Sumanguru or Soumaoro Kanté ) at the Battle of Kirina in 1235. Under Sundjata and his successors, the Mali Empire was expanded from its center on the upper reaches of the Sénégal and Niger rivers, reaching west to the Atlantic Ocean, south into the forest, east beyond the Niger River, and north to the salt and copper mines of the Sahara.

Mande: Nevezik malinak illetve mandingonak is. Nyugat-afrikai népcsoport, állítások szerint nyugat-szudáni eredettel. Főbb alcsoportjai: bambara, malinke, soninke. The Apaches' own name for themselves was traditionally Nde or Ndee which means "the people". Mások szerint a "nde = gyermek" jelentésű, miként a "nude" (meztelen) szó is. Igbo nyelven a "nde=millió" jelentésű és a ndi=nép (ndi-gbo). /Másik igbo: Holy = Di-nso. House= Nado. Human= Dika-madu. Keen= Di-nko. Ken= Fu, ma, malu. Know= Ma, malu, g-hota. Farm= Ugbo. Mountain= Ugwn, ugum. My= Nkem. Claw= ga-mbo. Rivet= Uzo. Run-away= Oso./

The Fulbe people call Mande people what sounds like "Ma-li-nke". A French-language translator working with a Fulbe informant may thus render as "Malinke" what other groups name "Maninka", Mand-inka, /Man-dinka? / or "Manding." The Fulbe themselves are variously known by other African groups and differentiate themselves by varied terms, which have been transliterated as Fulani, Fula, Poular, Peul, and Peulh. And you are likely to find another West African group transliterated as "Ba-mana" as "Bamba-ra." (Inka the small group of Quechua living in the Cuzco Valley in Peru, de jelent királyt is. Inti, az amerikai "Nap" ill. afrikai "szem/eye/inti" fia is egyben Inka isten.) Érdekességként az afaraf nép magga törzsének nyelvén a "kutya=kutta".Vajon a Din-ka nem valami "víz-folyó" jelentésű? In Hindi, "Gunga Din" means "spirit of the Ganges". Dincharya (in Sanskrit, din means 'day' and Acharya means 'to follow'). Manda - Knowledge. The name given to a dwelling, especially to the cult-hut. Equates with Sanskrit "Mandala/kör". Megjegyzem, számos afrikai nyelvben a "ba=nép" jelentésű. Ba-ambara?
Mandinka language: "dinka=deep/mély"; "dinkee=son/fiú"; "dinko=depth/mélység"; "dinkiraa=place/hely".

Mandinkához kapcsolva: Dél-Szudán közepét (Bor vidék) a neur és a dinka népek töltik ki. Neur: "Nya" (née ya) meaning "daughter of", is the standard prefix used for female names. "Gat" meaning "son of", is a common prefix for male names.
A five hour drive north of Juba, is the town of Bor. This is central to the Dinka Tribes. Dinka, or as they refer to themselves, Muonyjang (singular) and Mounyjieng (plural). A dinka nép (nilotic) pedig Afrika legmagasabbra növő népei közé tartoznak 182 cm átlagos magasságukkal. Bőrük színe nagyon sötét, szemük mandulavágású. Hitviláguk kicsit hasonlít az óegyiptomira. Fő istenük Nhialic (égi) isten. Nevük feltehetően nincs kapcsolatban a magyar kövidinkával (borféle), amitől népünk dinka lesz. Települések Juba körül: Duro, Lanya, Mangara, Pap, Bor, Kongor, Rokon... Szavakban: nyan ato wiir (war [‘river’] changes into wiir); pal (‘knife’) → paal (‘knives’) ciin (‘hand’) → cin (‘hands’). Dinka: "piu=water".
Ellenben: Kuna "di=water", diwar=river, "kurgen=kalap", Moguir=ég, "Muu=ocean". (www.binal.ac.pa/panal/kuna/downloads/kuna_sketch.doc) The only true God "Dinkan". Másik dinka: "kur=kurta", "kir=become clear", "din=madár", "canoe=rieth", "cobra=kéréu", "wic=akar,keres,vágyik", "eel=riäl"./ Names ending in "dink" or "ink" are often of low german or Netherlands origin. Malay: "Dink= Trim, neat". Wolof: "dinga=you will/te fogsz", "dénga=be crooked".

Mano, az ember: (Asar Imhotep auth.)
Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Me‘en me÷en- ‗person,‘ Maban men@n@u, Tama ma, Ik am, Didinga mats ‗male,‘ Merarit mo, Dinka mots, Maban: Mabang ma-ˇsu ‗person.‘ [ES70, NSB]
Afro-Asiatic: Proto-Afro-Asiatic *mn ‗male, man, person‘; Ancient Egyptian mnw ‗Min, a phallic deity,‘ Old Egyptian mnyw ‗herdsman‘; Omotic: Wolamo min—o ‗warrior,‘ Janjero mon—o ‗people‘; Cushitic: Proto-Cushitic *mn ‗man,‘ Burji m´een-a ‗people,‘ Somali mun ‗male,‘ Hadiyya manna ‗people,‘ man-ˇco ‗person,‘ Tembaro mana, Iraqw ameni ‗woman‘; Berber: Zenaga uman ‗kin,‘ Ghadames iman ‗person, Zwawa iman, Qabyle iman; Chadic: Proto-Chadic *mn(j) ‗man,‘ Proto-West Chadic *mani ‗man, husband,‘ Karekare men ‗people,‘ Kanakuru minja, Bata m—ano ‗man,‘ Musgu muni ‗woman,‘ Logone m—eni ‗man, person,‘ Dari m—anji ‗person.‘ [AA 78, N 292, OS 801, LN 292]
Indo-European: Proto-Indo-European *manu(-s) ∼ *monu(-s) ‗man‘; Indic: Sanskrit m´anu ∼ m´anus. ‗man, person‘; Iranian: Avestan *manus ‗man‘; Germanic: Gothic manna, Old High German man, English man (pl. men), woman (< wife + man); Slavic: Old Church Slavic moaˇz˘ı (< *mon-g-jo-), Russian muˇz ‗husband.‘ [IE 700, N 292]
Uralic: Proto-Uralic (Illich-Svitych) *m¨a´n´ce ‗man, person‘; Ugric: Vogul me´n´ci ∼ ma´n´si (self-name), Ostyak ma´nt_ ∼ mo´nt_ ∼ me´s ∼ ma´s (selfname of one Ostyak clan), Hungarian magyar (self-name); Finnic: Finnish mies, Estonian mees.

Finaly Henrik szerint Bithynia régi neve "Mali-anda" volt. Mandropolis, is, nn. város Nagy-Phrygiában. Mandruani, orum, hn. nép Bactriánában. Mandrum flumen, folyó Bactriánában. Manduria, ae, nn. város Alsó-Itáliában. Ha az ólatin dingua (nyelv) szóból hozzuk a "mandinká"-t, akkor a "man" is a latinból jön. (Etruscan "Mani=ember", s akkor "embernyelv".) IE: *dingwa > O.Latin: dingua > Latin: linga. Vajon van-e kapcsolat a Mal-inka és a Malek között?

Occult: Seven power
The Yoruba people of West Africa recognize three levels of spiritual force: one creator god called Olodumare; numerous nature or messenger spirits (similar to Christian angels) called the orishas, and the revered spirits of the dead, called the eggun. Under the yoke of Catholicism, Olodumare was identified with Jehovah, and the orishas were identified with various Catholic saints or angels.
Mojo
We do know that the word mojo took a trip from Africa to the American Southwest, where, in the hoodoo or voodoo tradition. Mojo: a shaman or medicine man. Others say that it originated with the Fula word, "moc'o," meaning medicine man.
Orvosságos zacskó
A mojo (ejtsd: [moudzsou] egy kis, általában ruha alatt hordott zacskó a hudu mágiában; egyfajta varázseszköz, gyakran vörös gyapjúból, szája fonállal bekötve. A szó a néger folklórból származik, a hudu hit egy eleme. A mojo tartalma lehet különböző, hívei által mágikusnak tartott ásványok, növények, állati testrészek, porok, levágott haj és körmök, imákat leíró papírszeletek és hasonlók. Néha egy érem, vagy dobókocka, esetleg mágnes, vagy magnetikus érc. A mojók viselőjüket megvédik a gonosztól, szerelmet és jószerencsét hoznak, üzleti sikereket stb. A zsákocska megkötése fontos eleme a varázslatnak, ez rögzíti és tartja meg a szellemet, aminek a segítségét keresik. Ezért, ha a mojo rosszul készült, az ereje elillan, mint a parfüm.

Yoruba - is a Niger–Congo language spoken in West Africa. (Yoruba-Egypt)
Kurubu (round) Kurubu (deep and round)
Ta (land) Ita (land junction)
Hoo (rejoice) Yo (rejoice)
Mu (water) Mu (drink water)
Iset (a water god) Ise (a water god)
Kun / qun (brave man) Ekun (title of a brave man)

Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro hava
The etymology of the word "Kilimanjaro" is uncertain. Many consider it as a combination of the Swahili word "Kilima" (mountain) and the Kichagga word "Njaro"(whiteness), thus giving the name White Mountain. Other people think it is a result of the word "Njaro" in Chagga/Kichagga" (our) and from this it results - Kilimanjaro = our mountain. This is from the Chagga people that in the past used to live at the base of the mountain. The name "Kibo" in Kichagga means "spotted" and refers to rocks observed on the snowfields. Akkor a "kibomanjaro = foltos macskák" ?

Lakota language, KILI means "extraordinary, very special".

In the Swahili language of East Africa they are called "kilimia" which means digging stars as their visibility was taken as a sign to prepare digging as the onset of the rain was near. 

Fehér hegy
Kirima is a kikuyu word which means mountain. If its a small mountain, or a hill, its called "Karima".. and if its a bunch of mountains, the plural word is "irima".
Njaro comes from the Kikuyu word "Njeru" which means white… Even today, you can go to Kikuyu land and you find people with names like "Karima" or "waKarima", meaning "son of Karima" and "Njeru" or "wanjeru"meaning "Son of Njeru" of "son of the white"

India
Alligator = magar pl magari
Cat = manjar pl manjaro
dog = kunya pl kunyai
Gujarati: "kili=key", Sindi: "kili=karom", Marathi: "manjar=cat", "manjaro=cats"; Hindi "kukur=dog".
A marathi "macskakarom = Dolichandra unguis-cati" az Marathi: चिल्हारी chilhari, चिल्लर chillar , s nem kilimanjar. South American herbs cat's claw ( Uncaria tomentosa ) Az "unguis, uncaria" nem magyar "(h)uncaria" jelentésű, hanem "karom".

Marathi szavak (magyar füllel): "kirá=köröm"; "egg=andi=tojás"; "sky=ákás=ég"; "heaven=szverg=menny"; "snow=him=hó"; "flax=dzsvasz=vászon"; flax = len = javas {dzsvasz}; cloth = ruha = vastra; cloud = felhő = {ghög/abra/mégh}; temple = templom = mandir; cart = kocsi/szekér = gali; keeper = őr = dhari; boat = csónak = {noká/but}; claw = karom = nakhi; leg = láb = {páy/tán}; hand = kéz/kar = {kar/hát}; market = vásár = pédzs; "bird=pákszi=madár".

Kili Holm is a tidal island in the Orkney Islands, linked to Egilsay. Unusually, like its neighbour Egilsay, it may have a partly Gaelic etymology, in this case from cille meaning a monk’s cell.

Greek "kili = -cele = tumor". (maya "calli=house"? Latin "collis=hill".) lepto = thin; chilio = 1000.

Maláj
kili = bird = madár
Objective  kiliye
Parlative  kiliyódë
Dative kilikkë
Locative kiliyil 
Possessive kiliyude
Kai = hand = Kéz/Kar
Objective kaiyye
Parlative kaiyyinóde (those ending in ai takes this form)
Dative kaikkë
Locative kaiyyil
Possessive kaiyyude (+yinte instead of +yude in some cases)

It is believed the epicanthic fold occurs more frequently among people of North Asian, Central Asian, and East Asian descent, such as the Mongols, Han Chinese, Tibetans, Koreans, Japanese, Kazakhs, Hazaras, and Kyrgyz. It is also commonly though less frequently found among Southeast Asians and certain other Asian ethnic groups like Vietnamese, Filipinos, Burmese, Cambodians, Thais, Bhutanese, northern Nepalis, Ladakhis, people (mostly tribal) from Eastern Bangladesh and North Eastern India (for example, the Chakma, Marma, the Sylhetis, the Mizo and the Garo), among others. Mixed race people of partially Asian descent, such as Eurasians and Afro-Asians may inherit epicanthic folds.

Epicanthic folds are also common among Native Americans and Inuit. They can also be found inherited among some Oceanic peoples including Tongans, Samoans, Micronesians and Hawaiians.
A minority of people within some African ethnic groups also have epicanthic folds; these include the Khoisans (Capoids) in Africa and certain groups from southern Sudan such as the Dinka and the Nuer.
"Epicanthic folds" are also found in a minority of Europeans having no obvious Asian background, especially in eastern Europe and across northern Europe in areas such as Scandinavia and Poland, as well as within Ireland and Britain. One of the existing accounts suggests that Europeans who possess the fold also have less prominent brow ridges.

Idegen
Some words for stranger have the meaning of a spirit, as in the case of the New Guinea Highlanders, who could not conceive of the white Australians as anything hut spectral ancestors. In Swahili, the word muzungu (plural, wazungu) has its root in the word for ghost or spirit, and cognates of the word—mzungu in Chichewa and murungu in Shona and other Bantu languages—have the meaning of a powerful spirit, even a god. Foreigners had once seemed godlike when they first appeared in some places.
Fiji — kai valagi (pronouneed valangi), white person, foreigner, "person from the sky", as opposed to kai India for Indians and kai China for Chinese, Tonga—papalangi, a cognate of Samoan palangi, meaning sky burster, a person who comes from the clouds, not a terrestrial creature.
WC: In Egypt, a kabinet afrangi is a Western, sit-down toilet.

Kelet-Afrika

LUO törzsek: Boor, Thuri, Jur, Shilluk, Kumam, Jo-Ka-Weer...
In other words, the Luo believed in a supernatural authority through whom their kings ruled. For example, the great god of the Nile was known as ‘Hapi’ (Wallis Budge, 1994, p, cxxiii). The Luos are familiar with this divinity whom they refer to as, ‘Lhapi’. The word, ‘Pi’ in Luo means water. ‘Lha’ or ‘La’ is a singular prefix. Thus Lhapi means of water.
Ezen a honlapon a KUSH nem MADÁR, hanem CSILLAG jelentésű. Érdekességként megjegyzem, hogy a hausa "wall = kátángáa", hasonlít Katanga (Shaba) nevére.

Basque: ate - Japanese: to. Hungarian: ajtó.
First footsteps in East Africa - Richard Burton
Az egyiptomi embereknél a "strucctoll" az igazság szimbóluma volt. A szomáliaiak ezt "Bal"-nak, az egyiptomiak "Rish"-nek nevezték. A jelkép egyetemleges jelentése: győzelem. Az írásban feltűnik az ajtó szavunk módosulata: Izsák fia Edoor, azaz Aydur. (Ha az "E=Ay", akkor az "E-dom-ita" mit jelenthet? Dom=man, lásd alább.)
Michael Russell: Nubia and Abyssina. Yasous egy Ras Ayto segítségével került hatalomba. A királylistáról nem hiányozhat Ayto Gualoo, azaz Egwala Sion sem. Greek: ayto (sounds 'afto') means 'this' or 'it'. Wachter compares the Greek AGIOS, (Aytos, Sanctus, Égi?) with this German word. Más írásban az "aytos=eagle/sas".
Ajtos, is a town located in eastern Bulgaria some 30 kilometers from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. The Academy has a popular soccer team as well -- "Vihar Aytos". Aytos Pass (Aytoski prohod). Bulgar elnevezés. Régen állítólag Aetos volt a név, mert a település repülőről nézve sas formájú, s az ógörögök így annak nevezték el. Vajon mi lehetett a település neve, amíg nem érte el a repülőről látható sas méretet?!
PIMAS: Etymology: American Spanish, short for earlier ~hitos, ~ Aytos, from O'odham (18th century) pimahaitu nothing Date: 1850 a member of an American Indian people of southern Arizona and northern Mexico. Uto-Aztecan language spoken.
Brazil: The name of Aitou is translated as "Summer (Qaitou) Resort" in Syriac, in reference to its location on an elevation relatively close to the coast.

Szomáli szótár: fű=hoyo, láb=lu:g, ember=u/mid, törzs=zsid, nő=nag, Nap=Maalin, Hold=dayah, felhő=caad, víz=biyo, oroszlán/király=libaax, tó=hu:r, kék=cagaar/dog, tűz=dab.
Samburu
Semita szokásuk a körülmetélés. De nem csak a férfiak rövidülnek meg, hanem a lányok csiklóját is kivágják 12 éves koruk előtt, majd áruba bocsátják őket. Mivel a lányok így közömbössé válnak a szex iránt, hűségesek maradnak. (Míg Afrika egyes területein a nő csak egy kecskét ér, addig Kelet-Afrikában egy egész tehéncsordát kell fizetni érte. (1 nő = 30-40 tehén. Azért szavazati joguk van? Európában is terjed az iszlám a liberális politika következtében.. S vajon az unios kuplerájokban mennyiért kel el egy kelet-európai rabszolgalány? Demokratikusan a 21. században..)
Turkana
Polygamy is an acceptable way of life. A Turkana man can marry as many wives as he can afford to pay the bride price for. Like the Luo tribe and the Teso, the Turkana tribe does not practice male circumcision.
Luo eredet
Az ókori Egyiptom örökösei a nilotic nyelveket beszélők, általában véve a luok. Bizonyára ők alapították a Kushita királyságot, s Napata kultúrája is hozzájuk köthető saját nézetük szerint. A honlap szerint a kush azonos a koch névvel. Bar Kochba...
The tribe into which the original group of the Lwo divided after leaving their country of origin, are as follows, 1. Boor, 2. Jo- Luuo, (Thuri, Bwodho, Jur), 3. Collo (Shilluk), Anywaa, 5.Paari (Lokooro, Ber, Nyorro), 6. Acholi, 7.Alur, 8. Jo-Pawir (Jur), 9. Lango, 10. Kumam, 11. Jo- Pa- Wiir alias Jo-Ka- Weer, 12. Jo-Pa- Adhola, 13. Jo-Lwo, 14. Barabaig (Fr. J.P. Crazzolara, 1950: 5).
Meroe és Napata királyai egyiptomi titulust használtak: kwr. Olvasd: qere, qer, qeren. Az acholi (luo dialect): Ker (Qer) jelentése "királyság".

Érdekességnek: Sudan kapcsán: A kalmük nyelvből "sudn=fog/tooth". (Kész Tyskland!) Finnish "Kynttilänsydän=mécses".
Finaly Henrik szótárából: (Mondjuk, nem a Luo népet, hanem a Diluvian (Özönvíz) szó eredetét kerestem.) luo, ui,[sajátl. lemos, tisztít, rokon ezzel lavo, louw ] (Özön a kyrghiz nyelvben!)
1) bünhödik, meglakol, büntetést szenved valamiért, noxam pecunia, perjurium sanguine; l. caedem piaculo. Innen l. pericula, elhárít.
2) szenved, lakol, büntetésből fizet: l. pnas v. pnam (supplicium) peccati sui, pro caede; l. pnam reipublicae, az államtól v. az államért büntetést szenved, lakol, mintegy kárpótolja az államot. Innen l. aes alienum, megfizeti az adósságot.

Chewa, also known as Nyanja, is a language of the Bantu language family. The gender prefix chi- is used for languages, so the language is also known as Chichewa and Chinyanja (spelled Cinyanja in Zambia), and locally Nyasa in Mozambique.
Chewa words
Magwero head or source of river.
Moyo life; health; surname.
Msomali nail; a peg.
Mwezi month; moon.
 Nkhalamo a lion.
DNkhali a cooking pot.
Samba to bathe or wash oneself . Shampoo? Szappan, szapul?
Sunga to keep.

Zimbabwe

Romokban
A légifelvételről látszó hullámos vonalak kígyók. Állítólag szép számmal vannak a romok körül.
Indeed, Mutwa, a Zulu, who has written two large works on the traditions of the Bantu, categorically states his people were not responsible for this civilisation, which he attributes to a white people he calls the Ma-iti.

Zambia (Sambia) többek szerint "oroszlánföld" jelentésű a Simba (Zimba) szóból képezve. Zimba-bwe > Kőoroszlán? Zombie. West African origin (compare Kikongo zumbi "fetish;" Kimbundu nzambi "god"), originally the name of a snake god. Zombor, Zomba Hungarian settlements. Zomba: Malawi. Zomba city, southern Malawi. It lies on the lower slopes of Zomba Mountain in the Shire Highlands, 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Blantyre. It is in an area traditionally inhabited by the Manganja and, since the 1860s, the Yao peoples. Gazomba: női mell. A Malawi-tó régi neve Zambre-tó. A nép, de ki a hetes? Fulani: semmbaa-de = mosni v.kinek a lábát. S vajh milyen "kő" lehet a Zom-bwe? (Malawi). Mu-zombwe=boy. chizombwe is used (see Scott's Dictionary) to denote "neatness of dress, foppishness". A Malawi-tó régi neve "Zambre" volt. A Zambezi folyóé pedig "Zembere" a felső folyásánál élők között. Az alsó folyásnál "cuama/Zuama" volt a folyónév. Hausa - "zuma=bee". (Zaman = era, turk.) English "Zam": rövidülése a kazaam szónak. > Used to show that something appears by magic. Luxemburgish: Zam = szelíd. Avestan "zama-tar =son-in-law". Thabazimbi is an isiZulu name meaning "iron mountain". Wolf Leslau: "Zama = covet" (követel, megkíván). Valahol a "zam, berith" a purifikációval is kapcsolatba kerül, míg az IE-nek nevezett nyelveknél "earth, ground" jelentésű a "zam". Zamzam víz.
A dél-amerikai testvérváros: Zumba. Equatorial:: Mekens: "tsumpatn, zumba = kill". Bolivian Quechua, like several varieties of Bolivian r Spanish, has a voiced alveodental fricative [z] in word-initial position, instead of theretro?ex, e.g. in rumi [zumi] ‘stone’.
Tibet: The Tibetans first settled along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River (Brahmaputra) in Tibet. Evidence of the new and old stone age culture was found in archaeological excavations at Nyalam, Nagqu, Nyingchi and Qamdo. According to ancient historical documents, members of the earliest clans formed tribes known as "Bos" in the Shannan area. In the 6th century, the chief of the Yarlung tribe in the area became leader of the local tribal alliance and declared himself the Zambo (king).
Mint az előző részben mutattam: Zamba egy bantu teremtő isten. SiRozi lang: Siemba = fragment. zemba= to make a search, to spy. unga (ungile) v.t. to bring together, to gather together, to get together (people, things, etc.)

Lemba - Afrika zsidói
Both Arabs and Jews share this DNA, but the Cohen Modal Haplotype, an indicator of Jewish ancestry, has been found among the males of one leadership clan at rates even higher than the general Jewish population. In Zimbabwe and South Africa, the people prefer the name Mwenye. The name "Lemba" may originate in chilemba, a Swahili word for turbans worn by some Bantu peoples, or lembi, a Bantu word meaning "non-African" or "respected foreigner". /Fang: "né=négy". Luganda: "sky=eggulu"./

Venda - Nem vandál vendek!
A venda nép Dél-Afrika északi részén, a zimbabvei határ közelében él és bantu nyelven beszél.
TshiVenda vocabulary was similar to SeSotho, but the grammar shares similarities with Shona dialects, which are spoken in Zimbabwe. They are believed to be the descendants of Semitic (Arab) traders who entered Africa around 696AD. The Lemba believe themselves to be Black Jews, descendants of the lost tribe of Israel. They keep to themselves, only marry within their own group and sometimes refer to themselves as Vhalungu, which means 'non-Negroid' or 'respected foreigner'.

Képekkel
The Venda people believe in a supreme or high God called RALUVHIMBA.The name is composed of the prefix Ra-, which is honorific and perhaps connected with the idea of 'Father'; luvhimba is the eagle, the bird that soars aloft. It symbolizes the great power which travels through the cosmos, using the heavenly phenomena as its instruments.
The circumcision rite for girls is called by the Vha-Venda people as "Hali,Sungwi". (Vajh mely barbár nép hagyta rájuk ezt a szokást ?!)
Körültáj: "The assembly area, or khoro, is also known as a 'pool', or thivha. It is here that premarital initiates are reborn during the domba (python) dance, very like the apical ancestors during creation (Blacking 1969)."
Venda kultúra
Phala-phala's were made from the horns of kudu or sable antelopes and used to call the people together for various gatherings. Each horn produced it's own "note" and according to Duggan-Cronin, weird tunes were the result.

Double Thulamela: is a Venda word meaning "place of birth".
Radio carbon dating reveals that Queen Losha lived at Thulamela about 200 years after the death of King Ingwe. Measurements of her bones reveal that she was an exceptionally tall woman. King Ingwe was ruler of Thulamela around about 1400 AD. He holds a spear, the handle of which was originally covered in gold foil affixed to the wood underneath with minute gold nails.
The walled city of Thulamela is thought to be an offshoot of the Great Zimbabwe culture. The word Thulamela is derived from the words "thula" meaning "raised place" and "mela" meaning "to grow or germinate". (probably Shona or Venda speaking)

Zomba település a Chilwa tó közelében. A tó túlsó partján "Insaca". Lilongwe felett Kasungu város.

Victoria falls: Mosi: csak a vízkőre ügyeljünk! Numerals: 1 -onga; 2 -ili. 3 -tatu; 4 -ni; King: O’kinga (Origen Irlandés, Y Sus Variantes; O’cionga, O’cingeadh, Significado “Hijo Del Rey”)

Zimbabwe - A madár szomszéd
It is worth adding that the Sabaeans used to follow a Judaistic religion (which included circumcision). They were also skilled water engineers who had developed an extensive terraced agricultural system - just like the inhabitants of prehistoric Zimbabwe. Furthermore, elliptical unroofed dry-stone temples constructed at Sirwah and Marib in the Yemen, are in some ways comparable with those found in Zimbabwe.
Génminta: A sample of 261 males (76 Lemba, 54 Remba, 43 Venda and 88 SA Jews). A Bulba clan arányaiban több kohent rejt, mint Izrael állam papságánál látható. Eléri az 52 %-ot a kohenek aránya! Míg a magyarok a körmöcit metélték, addig a lemba népnél - arab szokás szerint - a nemiszerv van circumcised. Zimbabwe ura, Mugabe ellenállt a nemzetközi zsidóság homoszexualitást terjesztő propagandájának. Gadhafi sorsa nem riasztotta el.. (pedig az e téren nem ellenkezett!) Pedig miért ne szerethetné egymást két azonos nemű. Noha egyszer kipróbálnák kecskével is...

Magyar wiki
Zimbabwe (korábban Dél-Rhodézia vagy Dél-Rodézia) egy Magyarország területénél négyszer nagyobb ország Afrika déli részében. Északon a Zambézi, délen a Limpopo völgye határolja. /Zimbabwe is divided like this: zi / mba / bwe. The word mangwanani (morning), is divided like this: ma / ngwa / na / ni./ Xhosa: "2=zimbini", "1=enye". snake=inyoka, wall=udonga. /The ruins are basically divided into two areas: the king’s hill complex (perched high on a hill overlooking the rest of the structures) and the great complex./ Zimbabwe szó Dél-Rhodesiára 1960 óta van használatban, s a régi romváros után lett elnevezve. Vagyis az etimologizálásnál a romváros nevét kutatjuk.

A romoknál
Small circular houses built inside and outside the perimeter wall had straw thatch roofs and were circular in design. Their 12 ins to 18 ins thick walls were made from ‘daga’, which was a mix of clay and gravel. Daga was also a material commonly used in the construction and making of objects such as fire places, beds and tables. The finish was a highly smooth glaze effect. These cottages had wooden beams and painted walls sometimes decorated with images of animals, birds or people.

Népvándorlások kora: Itt Zimbabwe a "főnök háza", s köze sincs a holdkövekhez. Számos torz, de érdekes térképpel.

Ruinz
The ruins of Ma-pungu-bwe, where artifacts from as far away as China have been found, are the remains of a large trading settlement thought to stretch back to the 12th century. Lejjebb látjuk, hogy a "pungu" egy magasan repülő dögevő madár (keselyű?).

Shona szótár: Ember=hwani, Ég=denga (tenger?), felhő=gora, tűz=~baya, fű=mai, fa=muti, törzs=hu~, eső=na/bi/ngwanjara, király=mambo, hold=mwezdi, nap=zuva, láb=imbwa, arany=gorodhi, tó=gawa (japán folyó), folyó=tii.

Szomszédolás - Mozambiq
Significantly, none of the women we interviewed called herself "Tsonga." Many women used the term Shangaan ("MuChangana"), with which Tsonga is commonly interchanged, although even this answer was rarely straightforward.
Mozambique nevének eredete: Mossa Al Bique, egy arab kereskedő neve után, aki az első lakosa volt a közeli szigetnek.

Madarak jönnek.. -"zam-Bi-Earth-Day!"
In addition to architecture, Great Zimbabwe's most famous works of art are the eight birds carved of soapstone that were found in its ruins. The birds surmount columns more than a yard tall and are themselves on average sixteen inches tall. The sculptures combine both human and avian elements, substituting human features like lips for a beak and five-toed feet for claws.

Forum - Zimba-bwe
Ipungu (or pungu) in the Kalanga (or Bakalanga) language is a high-flying bird which considers the eyes of dead animals a delicacy. Bwe (or Bgwe) is a rock /rock-outcrop (or hill), of course. ..és a Kalahári while the true word is "Kala-hali". "Hali" literrally means "pot", and is metaphorically used to mean "womb". The Kalanga verb KU LISA means TO GUARD. A guard is "nlisi". The guards at Mapungubwe were therefore the first PO-LISI; now better known in English as the Police. (A rendőrség a világ legtöbb nyelvében "poli-ci-a", minek etimológiája nem teljesen egyezik meg például a navajo "si-lao"-val, vagy a burmai "pu-lip"-pel. Érdekes, de a görögöknél ugyanez "astynomía" és a latinoknál "vigil".)

Vegyesen

...méghogy egy Shabatkám sincs! S a testvére? Taharqa.
Shaba
The other common translation is "lion," but Rycroft offers "libhubesi" as the translation of lion in his siSwati dictionary.
Now, I have been inclined to see the root as coming from i-ngwe = "leopard" and to see -nyama as referring either to "black" or "dark" or referring to meat, i.e., Ngwenyama meaning something like Black Leopard, Dark Leopard or Meat Leopard.
SiSwati culture uses a lot of animal symbolism. Whilst a lion is known as "libhubesi" like the Zulu "ibhubesi",and a leopard "ingwe" in SiSwati, ingwenyama (ingwe=leopard and -nyama=meat) specifically refers to lion in SiSwati but only in reference to the Swazi king.

A 3. század
In this cent. the Kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia becomes predominantly Christian. In this cent. the Bantu-speaking South African kingdom of Thulamela ("place of birth") along the banks of the Limpopo River is founded. In this cent. the Mende people move into S Sierra Leone.

Esőkirálynő: The Modjadji or Rain Queen is the hereditary queen of Balobedu, a people of the Limpopo Province of South Africa.

Sickle:
The name Gitlane derives from the North Sotho word gitla ‘to strike’ and refers to the symbolic striking of the Moon Sickle on the hill. Its etymology leads to the South Sotho hëtlë and h_m_ with the same meaning and, eventually, through the Swahili Choma to the Indian soma for the ‘crescent’ of the moon. Thus Gitlane refers to the striking by the moon crescent or moon sickle

At the same time, the heavenly cutter, the Crescent Moon, was called Chandiran, Chandra or Chan by the Dravidian gold traders, while the Quena (Hottentots) called him Chan (Grevenbroek 1695: 207; Hromník 1990; Wreede 1691: 217; Kolbe 1719: 229, 232).

VOCABULARY OF WATER IN CHADIC - Olga STOLBOVA
Chadic gloses for ‘raid, ‘river’, ‘boat’ and ‘fish” with parallels in Semitic and Egyptian.
Only a few Chadic languages still preserve reflexes of the Common Afrasian (CA)’ *ma’-/*may-/*maw- ‘water’ (WCh Guruntum mua, Geji mua; CCh Fali Mucela (Kr) ma%, Gude (Kr) malin). CCh Logone muu ‘dew’ and Fali Kiriya (Kr) mawa ‘river’ obviously go back to the same root attested in al1 the branches of Afiasian (Semitic: Akkadian mu4 Ugaritic my, Hebrew mayiim (pl.), Arabic mua’, ‘amwaah- (pl.), Sabaic ‘mwh (pl.), Gelez maay, Harari mii, miiy ‘water’; Egyptian my, mw ‘water’; Cushitic: Iraqw ma’ay, Asa ma’a, Dahalo ma‘a ‘water’, Bedauye mu’ ‘liquid’; Common Berber a-ma-n (pl.) ‘water’).
Hausa ruwaa ‘water, rain’ and Zime ru ‘rain’ are related to Arabic riwuy- ‘abundant water’ and Hebrew rc ‘moistening’.
River: WCh: Geruma ara, Galambu: rwa, CCh: Musgu: eree, Mbara: ree, Egyptian: ir.t /late/ "water" {turi?}.
WCh Pero: turo "river" and East-Chadic Migama: tarro "water-flood" are related to Egyptian itrw /old/ "river, Nile"
Boat: CCh Logone g'oam, Musgum h'olum, Mbara holam are definitely related to Akkadian Hallimu "raft". Mennyire hasonlít a magyar halom (Hill) szavunkra! Water.

Busójárás: - Bantu nyelvek szavai
The face
Tonga: bu-sio
Zulu-Kafir: u bu-so
Fernandian: bu-so
 the brains
Taita: w-ongo
Nika: ongo
Swahili w-ongo
 flour
Taita: u-nga
Swahili: u-nga
Nika: u-nga
 a seat
Bisa: ki-puna
Guha: ki-wala
Nywema: ki-wala

..ci-bongo "a small lake", ci-sua "an island in a river", ci-to "a ford in a river", ci-vukumba "an opening in a rock, a cave", "Ci-ongo or Ci-ongue (in Chwana pronunciation Si-ongd) the great Zambezi falls" .."mu longa=muddy river", "di-nodi=bird", "ka-yuni=littke bird", "ka-we ya= a little stone of", "n-juba=the sun", i-zulu=the sky", "mu-nda=garden", "in-ganda=house", "pa-hali=place"..

Leopard's Kopje Culture
The Kalanga belong to the Leopard’s Kopje culture that was based in the Khami area, west of present day Bulawayo. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1075–1220) was a pre-colonial state in Southern Africa located at the confluence of the Shashe and Limpopo rivers (22°2-S 29°36-E), south of Great Zimbabwe. The kingdom was the first stage in a development that would culminate in the creation of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 13th century, and with gold trading links to Rhapta and Kilwa Kisiwani on the African east coast. Urnakép. Archaeology: Kopje: A site near Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe, and the name of a later Iron Age industry which developed in c 10th-11th century AD. At the type site, large circular houses were excavated..
Khami kaze :-): Kalanga culture is famous for its music and dance, patterned pottery, and the extensive archaeological sites it has left behind. The best way to enjoy all these is to attend the annual festival at the Domboshaba ruins (about 75 km north of Francistown, Botswana. Shona lang. "Stone= ?ibwe, dombo, ?bwe". Copper=kopa. Shaba?). Héthalom? (Dombashaba was once a village toward the end of the Great Zimbabwe Reign around 1500 AD. The "village" now consists of many old stone walls that once housed the chiefs and townspeople.) Dombashaba is a stone-wall site dating back to 1440AD, where a regional ruler had his residence and court. Érinthetetlenek: Domba in the plural (singular Dom ‘man’), which then meant, "The People" or "Human Beings". Each of these small Rajput kingdoms was ruled by a thakur, or petty king and collectively, the kings served an elected king who was the supreme ruler. Saba: Arawak Indian word for "rock," which was "siba." Swahili nyelven a "shaba=copper/réz" Domba?. Bantu: shaba/ shebi/ shobwo = to peel, to shave, to remove bark, to take off excess. Venda: "dombo = embryo". tombo = stone. sha?a = shoulder.

Kalanga szavak: gonyana = worm, maggot. kanyi = home. labuka = to run. makat’e = bridesmaid. moyo = heart. fula = blow something off by breath. simba = strength; power. sina = type of grass used for thatching. swabiya = albino. tema = black. vula = water; rain. zhamu = human or animal breast. zhula = frog. Kalanga shango (country, earth, land, the world), chiloko (black earth, hard baked earth). Kalanga word 'Matombo' (stones), referring to rock outcrops.

Kopjások - Kunhalom, illetve magányos felszíni kiemelkedés
A kopje is a manadnock. Which, in turn, is an inselberg. Indeed, it may sometimes be called a Kakba, but that is the most obscure of all the terms for a very large lump sticking out of the earth all by itself.
Több kopja
Our drivers took us to the Barafu Kopje, the Gol Kopje, and the Simba Kopje. A leopard surprised us during breakfast when it appeared on one of the kopjes. We noticed that the birds in one area of the rocks were agitated. The guides said there must be something between two boulders and maybe it was a lion or leopard. Elsa's Kopje (meaning 'a small isolated hill' from Dutch kopje, literally: a little head, from kop head).

Afrika nyelvi és genetikai sokszínűsége nem kiáramlásra, hanem beáramlásra utal.



Afrika 1.rész.
Afrika 18.rész.

Pesti István 2014 augusztus

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