Kína 4


Taiwan megint


Taiwan, wiki
Taiwanese aborigines (Chinese: 原住民; pinyin: yuánzhùmín; Wade-Giles: yüan2-chu4-min2; Taiwanese Pe̍h-oē-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, literally “original inhabitants”) is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan.

Taiwan régen
all inhabitants of Taiwan originated from the legendary yellow emperor.
Tsou
Egy őslakos fotója, Tajvan. Kaukázusi típusnak tűnik Formosa szigetről. Tehát nem holland vagy egyéb közelmúlban betelepült európai származék. Szintén egy tetovált
őslakos képe. Lokátor-szerű fülekkel és magas homlokkal. A primitív korban a fehér ember is tetoválta magát. Lásd múniák. Szép felvételeket láthatunk a következő linken. Boat Launching Ceremony on Orchid Island. Főképp a kőszobrot ajánlom figyelmetekbe! Érdekes a fejformája.
Fejék. Mint a hunzáknál? Vagy a hunoknál?
Érdekes
famunka a tajvani őslakosoktól. Liliom mintának nézem. De spirálok is vannak...

Illa berek
náda kerek...
Taiwan (; Taiwanese: Tâi-oân) is an island nation in in East Asia located off the coast of mainland China in the Pacific Ocean. It is also known by its Portuguese name Ilha Formosa, which means "beautiful island."

Ho nyelv
Ho (also known as Bihar Ho and Lanka Kol) is a Munda language. The Munda Language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken primarily in India by about 1,077,000 people. It is written with the Devanagari and the Varang Kshiti scripts. It is spoken by the Ho people.
Mint látjuk, a HO nyelv a munda nyelvek közé tartozik, Indiában "bihar ho" néven is ismert. Egymillió ember beszéli. Viszont Taiwan (Nagyhon) területén a HOANYA nyelv volt ismert. (meg a papora nyelv.)

HOANYA
- Hoanya Is Een Dialect Van Het Papora-Hoany , Een Paiwanische Taa Gesproken In Taiwa . Het Hoanya Is Dood. Classificatie Austronesische Tale - Formosaanse Tale Sajnos, a linkjei már nem működnek. Valakiknek bánthatta a szemét...
Hoanya
Xi Luo and Hu Wei were both very large Hoanya (ping-pu/plains aborigine) villages during the 17th and 18th centuries. The southern end of Xi Luo near the bridge is still called "Village Door" and "Old Village".

Papora
According to the Taiwan Government’s Information Office, the number of indigenous people was 459,578 in June 2005 (http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwanwebsite/ 5-gp/yearbook/p238.html (Jan 19, 2005)).
Taiwan’s Ping Pu Peoples are the Ketagalan, Taokas, Pazeh, Kahabu, Papora, Babuza, Hoanya, Siraya and Makatao (from north to south).
Területe:
North central coast around Lishui, Chingshui, Shalu, and inland to Taichung
Nyelvcsalád: Austronesian, Formosan, Paiwanic
Dialektusok: Papora, Hoanya.
Central M.
Több, mint a fele Taiwan 26 nyelvének kihalt. Így a hoanya és a papora nyelvek is inkább csak az emlékezetben élnek a hanok erőszakos "kínaiasítása" miatt. Az említett népek a Tajvani Középhegységben éltek. Pár kihaló nyelvből pár évtizede még sikerült némi szótárat megmenteni. Ilyen pl a Puli Basin területen Farrel (1970) által gyűjtött 800 szavas pazeh szótár. Mrs Pan Jin-yu - az "utolsó mohikán" - Puli-ban született 1914-ben ahonnét Auran faluba került. Ez kínai nyelven Ai-lan.

Taiwan
Némi szószedet...
*zalan = ‘road’ (Hoa)
*danaw = ‘lake’ (Pai)
*ZaLum ‘water’ (Bab); dalom Pai ; zaljum Puy; ladum Sir; salum ND; danum

Volt írásuk
Even after the Dutch left in 1662, Chan said, the Siraya people continued to use the Latin "Sinkang text" to record business and land transactions during the later Koxinga (鄭成功) and Manchu periods, and the compilation of these documents is known as the "Sinkang Manuscripts" (named after "Sinkang Sia", the largest Siraya settlement community near Fort Zeelandia).

At present, those natives are classified into two major groups, plains people (PING-PU) and mountain people (SHAN-PAO or GAO-SHAN) according to their geographical distribution. The plains people are composed of at least ten ethnic groups, namely Ketagalan, Kavalan, Luilang, Taokas, Pazeh, Papora, Babuza, Thao, Hoanya, and Siraya. Based on the language, cultural and geographical features, mountain people are divided into nine ethnic groups, namely Atayal, Saisiat, Bunun, Tsou, Paiwan, Rukai, Puyuma, Ami, and Yami.

Maori
(Tai-wan meg a "Nap-hona" ? (Ni-hon, mint Japán?) Tai-land a sok NAK-HON-nal?)

The star Pu-auga led him to Earo-tonga,
Where he built the house Maru-ao-uui,
And, guided by To Whaka-ha, he went to Hawa-i-ki.
And built the house called llaugi-aio,
And i)laced the twins of Tai-nga-hue {sun and moon}
In Dari (the Afghan variant of Farsi) nakhun is sometimes used to refer to nail or finger.

Nyelv és írás


Idegen fórum
A kínai nyelv (ill. annak változatai) ma a legnagyobb beszélőközösségű nyelv a világon: több mint 1,3 milliárd ember anyanyelve. A Kínai Népköztársaság, a Kínai Köztársaság (Tajvan) és Szingapúr egyik hivatalos nyelve, csakúgy, mint az ENSZ-é is. Standard változata az egykori hivatalnoknyelv mintájára kialakított, nagyrészt az északi nyelvjárásokon (elsősorban a pekingin) alapuló nemzeti nyelv (guoyu/kuojü, putonghua/putunghua, mandarin)

Kínai fórum
I think it's over exaggeration to directly connect Kim lineage with Eastern Hun; but it's true that Silla was the most nomadic origins compared to Kori (Goguryeo-Jolbon-Buyeo). ..some royal member of Silla clan have direct linkage to Xanbei and Turkic origin. According to Samguksagi; Silla was founded by the Bak clan (aka Park, Pak); their origin is Go-Joseon; and they didn't used King title; but did used Geoseogan (or Geoseulhan -거슬한) title sort of like Great Khan and later used the Isaguem as ruler title. ..Kim clan is just a part of the 3 largest clans of Silla (Bak or Pak, Seok and Kim);

Xiongnu probrably spoke turkic language. Their leader was known as the "majesty the son of heaven.", in chinese its "Chengli hutu chanyu" rendered as "Tengriqut Janeyu." by some linguists.

Kim Yusin's (Silla's most famous general) childhood name was Sandara, and Silla it self have comes from Turkic name, their capital name was once called Sara or Seora, again this isn't native to Buyeo language, Buyeo language were most likely the popular spoken language of Korean peninsula during the formation of Goguryeo and Silla.

Magyarország
Kínai fórum
In modern Chinese, the character "匈" is used in four ways: to mean "chest" (written 胸 in this sense as the set of Chinese characters evolves), in the name 匈奴 Xiōngn? "Xiongnu", in the word 匈人 Xiōngr鮼/I> "Hun {person}", and in the name 匈牙利 Xiōngyᬬ "Hungary". The last of these is a modern coinage which may derive from the belief that the Huns were related to the Xiongnu.

Hun
in the name 匈奴 Xiōngnú "Xiongnu", in the word 匈人 Xiōngrén "Hun {person}", and in the name 匈牙利 Xiōngyálì "Hungary". The last of these is a modern coinage which may derive from the belief that the Huns were related to the Xiongnu.
Pontosan olyan mértékben, mint a magyar-kun rokonság. Az oldalon többször szerepel a "Sanyu" uralkodói cím. Nos ez "Chan-yu", azaz "Moon-king".

“guó =国” for country
Vietnam: Yuènán (越南)
Peru is Bìlǔ (秘鲁) so a Peruvian person would be a Bìlǔrén.
Wǒ láizì Nuówēi. Norway
Lithuania =Lì táo wǎn (kb. Lí-tao-wän)
Poland is Bōlán; Polish language would be Bōlányǔ.;yǔ refers to “language” {yú}
Sweden = Ruìdiǎn {Ruídiän}
Greece is Xīlà
Russia is Éluósī.
Switzerland is Ruìshì
India is Yìndù
Hungary is Xiōngyálì

Vajon az angoloktól tanulták az országneveket? De akkor miért Rhos a svájci és miért napfia a rus?..

Yali
(pronounced yaali) is a mythical creature seen in many Hindu temples. These are also known as Vyala, in Sanskrit. Yalis are often sculpted on the pillars of Hindu temples. Yali is a mythical lion, and it has been widely used in the south Indian sculpture.

The term “Yali”
has come to be used to designate the people who populate the valleys of the northern watershed of the central Jayawijaya mountain range to the north of the “Grand valley”of the Balim river in Irian Jaya, Indonesia.

Kora kínai írás
11 különböző szimbólumot találtak a teknőspáncélokon, melyek emberi maradványok mellett 24 neolitikus sírban kerültek felszínre a nyugat kínai Henan tartományban, Jiahu városában. A C-14-es vizsgálatok alapján a maradványokat i.e. 6600 és 6200 közé datálták. A teknőspáncélba vésett jelek tehát kétezer évvel idősebbek, mint az eddig legkorábbinak ismert mezopotámiai írás nyomai. Az ásatást vezető régészek szerint meglepő hasonlóság fedezhető fel az i.e. 7. évezredből származó jelhasználat és a több ezer évvel későbbi Shang-dinasztia idején (i.e. 1700-1100) használt írásrendszer között. A most előásott maradványokon található szimbólumok a szem és az ablak jeléhez illetve a nyolcas és a húszas számhoz hasonlítanak a Shang rásban.

Kő:
Keleti turk: ta:sh; Chuvash: chu;
mongol
A Mo. qayan "Khaghan, emperor" was alredy *kan (kan, han) in the beginning of Sin-ra Dynasty.
MK. kut 'a pit'. Dagur xeki "Kopf".
Ma fioha 'a young chicken'
Ma. yasa "the eye"

A manchu lófélék között megtalálható a burulu, kailun...

Érdekességnek:
Ir-Tamil-Angol összehasonlítás.

Historical survey of Chinese
The early contacts

Old Chinese vocabulary already contained many words not generally occurring in the other Sino-Tibetan languages. The words for honey and lion, and probably also horse, dog, and goose, are connected with Indo-European and were acquired through trade and early contacts. (The nearest known Indo-European languages were Tocharian and Sogdian, a middle Iranian language.)

Méz
The IE origin of Chin. mi 'honey', ancient and archaic Chin. miét, first pointed out by E. Polivanov, is by now generally accepted.
Mézes
"# *medh/melit 'sweet, honey': IE. *medhu 'sweet' is found in Ved. madhu 'sweet, honey, mead', Avest. madhu, Sogd. mdhw 'wine', (cf. Bur. mel 'wine, from grapes'), Toch. B mit 'honey', Gr. me'thu 'wine' etc.; it has spread to Uralic *mese, mete; Finnish mete, Hungarian me'z 'honey', Chin. mi < *miet, Sino-Korean mil, Jpn. mitsu < *mit(u); Iran. *madhu > Turkish, Mongolian bal 'honey'; Arabic mAdI?, and to > Toch. B mot 'intoxicating drink'. --- From another source **melit, Greek me'lit-, Hitt. milit, Latin mel, mell-, Gothic milith; in Nostratic (Illich-Svitych, Opyt II, Moskva 1976 : 38sq.) both forms are united under *majLa > *Ural. majdh'a', Drav. maTT, miTT, Altaic /m/ala, bala; cf. also, still further afield, in Polynesia: Samoan meli, Hawaiian mele, meli; mele, melemele 'yellow', Maori miere; Tongan melie 'sweetness, sweet, delicious', Rarotongan meli 'honey', Mangareva mere 'honey'."

Peceneg
"Chinese communities in Indonesian cities called “Pecinan” or “China-Town”. Every “Pecinan” lead by one captain or “Kapiten Cina”. This becomes the first effort to divide the Chinese communities into social class categorization. Most of the Chinese population still remains as workers or slave and some of them (whom were chosen as “kapiten” became the origin of “Rich Chinese” in Indonesia. "

Bali
An enterprising Buginese prince from Makasar named Kapiten Patimi set himself up during the 17th century as ruler of Jembrana.

Etymology
Date "captain" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. Etymology: Captain \Cap"tain\ (k{a^}p"t{i^}n), noun. {Old English capitain, captain
, Old French capitain, French capitaine (compare to Spanish capitan, Italian capitano), Late Latin capitaneus, capitanus, from Latin caput the head. See under Chief, and compare to Chieftain.}.

Hindu
Captain — in the sense of ‘a person who is at the head of or in authority over others’, which is one of the focal words in the present column — has its root (capitaneous) in Latin ‘caput’ or head.

Átvétel
nyelvünk korábbi korszakaiból is vannak olyan adatok, amelyek részben ismert, részben ismeretlen közvetítő által behozott szókincsréteg befogadását bizonyítják, pl. 'selyem, maszlag, szablya, kapitány, remete, pogány'.

ELLENBEN
A koponya és a kupa szavak között azonban szoros kapcsolat van. KOPonya, KOBak - e szavak első három betűje adja a mai nyelven a "fej" szót. KOPasz, KOPár, KÁPoszta (pl. angol CABbage). A KÁPlár, KAPitány szavak parancsnokot, főnököt, fejest jelentenek.

Kínában is..
Ispán szavunk Kézai krónikája szerint a hunoknál kapitányt jelentett - tehát olyan vezetőt, akinek mindennapi teendői közé tartozhatott az írás és az olvasás, valamint az iratok elkészíttetése. E szó cszüipáán alakban s „könyvkiadó” jelentéssel ma is él a kínai nyelvben (Szőcs/1997/12).

Egy alternatív nézőpont:
I. Hifu, Kína rettenetes királya (K. e. 2350 c.) elismeri a Seennar (Hinár) környékéről jövő menekültek munkáját, akik csatornákat építettek. Dr. Douglas és Dr. Jenks „China” c. munkájuk 4. oldalán (The History of Nations, Edit Cabot-Lodge NY. Vol. VII.) vitatkozva prof. Terrien de Lacouperie-vel, felsorakoztatnak érveket a szumér és kínai nyelv kapcsolatára vonatkozólag.

Szó
In the last example above, ON tal (talk) : Tw tâm 談 , there is a sound correspondence between -l and -nasal sound. The word 相談 is also found in Japanese sōdan (conversation, consultation), whereas Swedish samtal means ‘dialog’. Tw 相 has several variant pronunciations: sann, siang, siong and sio.

sam-gangr ‘sexual intercourse’ : sann-kàn, sio-kàn 相姦 ‘sexual intercourse’
Regarding 家 ka, or with sound change, ke, the Old Norse corresponding word garðr has several closely related meanings: (1) fence, wall; (2) enclosed space, yard; (3) court-yard; (4) house, dwelling; and (5) stronghold, castle.
tún 'enclosure, fence, town' : tùn 屯 'town, village' (German Zaun 'fence' only)
In the last example, only Norse and English developed the meaning from 'fence' to 'town' (Kluge's Etymologische Wörterbuch).

Olvastam...
The late Cyrus Gordon suggested that the origin of Chinese script had something to do with Ugaritic script (three letters have the same phonetics), so that would categorize him as a clumper....In China, the invention of writing was attributed to an ancient sage named Ts'ang Chieh, a minister in the court of the legendary Huang Ti (The Yellow Emperor, ca 2500 BCE), not a god as in Egypt....in the Indus Valley, we have no record concerning the origins of writing and we can not read the signs. The script primarily is found on carved seals, dating to a civilization that flourished from ca 2500 BCE ...

Indus
Vocabulary
Test
女性 nǚ (nü) xìng ( n. ) the female sex
Színek
白 bái white / snowy / empty / blank / bright / clear / plain /
色 sè color (szín)
蓝色 lán sè blue (kék)

The Chinese writing is of African origin and the meaning of certain Shang characters, compare favorably to the ancient Proto-Saharan script used by the Harappans in the Indus Valley and the Manding script used in the ancient Sahara and Crete . Winters (1985c) outlined the spread of the Proto-Saharan script to Harappa, and throughout Saharan Africa and Asia by the Dravidians and Manding.

The identification of the first hero of China, Hu Nak Kunte as a member of the Kunte clan of the Manding speakers of Africa is supported by the close relationship between the Manding languages and Chinese. Even though we do not know the ancient pronunciation of many Chinese signs many Chinese and Manding words share analogy and suggest a Manding substratum for Chinese. Evidence of Chinese writing first appears around 2000 B.C. as pottery marks. (Ramsey 1987, p.134) The shell-and-bone characters represented writing they were not pictures. (Ramsey 1987, p.135) In figure 24:1, we compare 14 ancient Chinese symbols and 14 ancient Manding symbols. As you can see although their are different contemporary pronunciations for these symbols they have the same meaning and shape. This suggest a genetic relationship between these scripts because we know that the present pronunciation of the Chinese symbols probably has little relationship to the ancient pronunciation of Chinese spoken in Xia and Shang times when these characters were first used. This cognation of scripts supports the proposed Dravidian and Manding migration and settlement of ancient China during Xia times. The pronunciation of Chinese is based on the Beijing Chinese dialect which is called Mandarin Chinese. This Chinese language is also called Putonghua 'common language'. There are two systems of romanization of Chinese the Pinyin and Wade-Giles systems. Mandarin Chinese is made up of 405 basic monosyllabics. The addition of tones to the monosyllables increased the number of basic terms to 1200. The earliest literary Chinese is called Old Chinese. Based upon the Book of Odes and other phonetic data scholars have reconstructed the Chinese spoken around 550 B.C. (Ramsey 1987, p.134) This is good , but Old Chinese would not reflect all the speech sounds and lexical items of the blacks who found the Xia and Shang civilizations because by this time the Han Chinese were in political control of much of China.

Még nyelvészeknek...
Malayzia
Kínai ~35% Fõleg Kína déli tartományaiból 1400-tól kezdve bevándorolt Hakka, Hokkien és Teochew dialektust beszélõ népek. Õk a maláj gazdaság urai. Penang Hokkien is a local variant of Min Nan (Southern Min) spoken in Penang, Malaysia.

Teochew
Penang Hokkien
Grammar
Kínai nyelvek vagy mandarin (Putonghua, Beijing dialektuson alapul), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialektusok, kisebbségi nyelvek
Min isten gyermekei

Kína - Japánban

The name Keena originally meant ancient which in kanji is kodai written....
The name "Kara" originally meant "Beloved". (Karafuto?)
The name Kaneesha when pronounced kah-nee-shah in Japan. /Kanisha/ Meaning?

Valamikor 800 - 1200 között került a japán nyelvbe.
Killian is from the Hebrew meaning Star (Hoshi, japán; Csillag, magyar).

Fantasztikum

Dunya Ki Tareekh = World History

Ahol a csángó holdisten

CHANG M flourishing, prosperity; smooth or strength
CHANG-O F Moon Goddess. Keeper of the Ambrosia of Immortality
CHANG JUAN F the moon; graceful, ladylike
CHONG M & F intelligent, clever
CHIH-NII F Goddess of spinners, weavers and clouds
CHONG M & F intelligent, clever
CHOW M & F summer
CHUANG-MU F Goddess of the bedroom and sexual delights
CHU-JUNG M God of fire and executions
DA-XIA F big hero
DONG M & F east; winter
FENG-PO-PO F Goddess of winds
FU-HSI M God of happiness, symbolized by the bat
GUAN-YIN F Goddess of mercy
HOU-CHI M Ancient harvest God
HSI WANG MU F Highest Goddess of ancient China
HUO M & F fire
HU-TU F Female deity Earth
KONG M & F glorious; bright
KUAN TI M God of war and fortune telling
KUN M universe, mountain range
LO SHEN F Goddess of rivers
LU-HSING M God of pay and employees
LU-PAN M God of carpenters and masons
MA-KU F Goddess of springtime
MANCHU M & F pure
MAT CHINOI F Serpent Goddess, Mother of the Chinese
SHANG-TI M The Supreme God
SHEN M & F spiritual; deep-thinking
SHEN NUNG M God of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture
SHUI-KHAN M God who defends men against all evil and forgives sins
SHOU-HSING M God of longevity and old people
T'IEN-KHUAN M God who bestows happiness
TIEN-MU F Goddess of lightning
TI-KHUAN M God who grants remission of sins
TING TING F slim and graceful
TOU-MOU F Goddess of the polestar and record-keeper
TSI-KU F Goddess of the outhouse

Kína istenei

God of thunder. Lei Kung has the head of a bird, wings, claws and blue skin, and his chariot is drawn by six boys. Lei Kung makes thunder with his hammer, and his wife makes lightning with her mirrors. Lei Kung chases away evil spirits and punishes criminals whose crimes have gone undetected.

Urdu nyelv: keenah = malice/rancor/enmity (ellenségeskedés, gyűlölet)
Valóban ilyen kontaktus lett volna az elszigetelt Kína és Serindia között ?


Pesti István 2009 december


KINA 5. része
Vissza a KINA első részre
Nyitóoldal