Koponyatorzítás 2.
Elongated skull
Kápo és a korona
"2070.Waterpot: kamat.ha a waterjar (Skt.lex.) kaman.t.alu a vessel for holding water, used by ascetics (Kampara_. Akattiya. 48); kaman.t.alam id. (Par..ama. 24)(Ta.lex.) ka~vad.al coconut used as a water vessel (M.); kamand.ala_ ascetic's waterpot (Si.); ka~wan.d.al mendicant's wooden cup (Bi.); kaman.d.alu waterpot used by non-Buddhist ascetics (Pali); gourd or other vessel used for water (MBh.); waterpot used by non-Buddhist ascetics (Pali); kamam.d.alu drinking gourd used by ascetics (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2761). X cf. man.t.ai mendicant's begging bowl, earthen vessel, head, skull, brain-pan, a standard of measure (Ta.); man.d.a head (Skt.)(DEDR 4682). Bowl: ka_vali, ka_vale a plate or pan for frying or baking; ka_valige frying pan (Ka.); ka_vali, ka_voli id. (Tu.)(DEDR 1488). ka_il, ka_ili pan (Kon.lex.) Image: mortar: cf. khalva, khalla stone for grinding drugs on (Skt.); khal mortar for pounding drugs (N.A.B.G.M.); khala (Or.); kharal (N.H.G.)(CDIAL 3851). kapa_laka smal bowl (Pali); kwoju a stone mortar for pounding spices, etc. (K.); kaval.iga_ brass vessel (Konkan.i); kavalige metal vessel (Ka.); kapalla earthen pan, frying-pan; kapallaka small earthen pan, small frying-pan (Pali); kavalla iron pot (Pkt.); kavalli_ cup, vessel for molasses, etc. (Pkt.); kaul metal cup or bowl; kauli_ little brass bowl (P.); kaul tile (M.)(CDIAL 2744). cf. ka_yppu hard inferior iron (Ta.); ka_ypu inferior iron (Ma.)(DEDR 1465). Skull: kapa_l skull (Tiv. Tiruccan. 42); kapa_lam skull, cranium (Tiva_.); beggar's bowl; kapa_lakkuttu severe headache, acute meningitis, cephalalgia, sometimes causing blindness (In.. Vai. 217); kava_lin S'iva (Patin-o. Paran.a. Civa. Tiruvan. 12)(Ta.); kapa_li < kapa_lika name of a certain S'aiva sect of the left hand order, members of which carry about their person hukan skulls in the form of garlands and also eat and drink from them (Tiv. Periya_r... 2,8,8)(Ta.lex.) kapa_la skull, cranium (AV.); cup, jar, bowl (TS.); beggar's bowl (Mn.); skull, begging bowl, frying-pan (usu. iron), potsherd (Pali); kapa_lika_ sherd (Kaus'.); hafola head (OEng.); kava_la
skull (Pkt.); kabhalla skull (Pkt.); kabala skull, shell (of tortoise), potsherd; kaballa piece, slice; kabilitta potsherd (Si.); kapo_l head (D..); kapa_l head, skull (Pas'.); kapl (Kho.); kapa_l (Wkh.N.); kapa_lo forehead (Tor.Sh.); kapa_l skull (K.); skull, forehead (P.); forehead (WPah.); forehead, fate (A.B.); kapa_ru skull, cranium (S.); kupa_l head (WPah.); kapa_l.a forehead, fate (Or.); kapa_r head, forehead (Bi.Mth.); kapa_ru head (OAw.); kapa_r, kapa_l, kapa_ri_ skull (H.); kapa_l. skull, forehead (G.M.)(CDIAL 2744). kaula_r tiled roof
(M.)(CDIAL 2745). ka_pa_la relating to the skull (R.); ka_pa_lika (Pa_n..); ka_pa_ru crown of the head; ka_pa_ri_ pertaining to the crown (S.)(CDIAL 3038)."
Szuperkoponyák
In the summer of 1982, Krantz traveled to China for a firsthand look at these ancient skull fragments. After carefully examining them himself and comparing notes with others, he has determined that these skulls encased the brains of primates that walked the earth between one and four million years ago.
SKULL
A homo sapiens megszokott koponyaformáiból mutat a link pár leletet. Valamiért néhány belső linkhez nincs kép. Ezek képtelen linkek...
SZANSZKRIT
szavakból válogatott indoeurópai eredetű szavak:
(angol oldalról)
agni = égni = fire; anna = food (manna?); annam = ennem (élelmiszerek);
arka = a Nap neve (barka?)=Sun; aarya = úr,tudós
= wise man; indu = hold = moon;
ime = ez = this; ishat.h = isa(?)= a little; ishhTaM = isten= leading to heaven; iha =ihol = here; uttaana = utána?
= an intense stretch; eka= egy =one;
ka.nThaM= kantár?= neck; kapaalah= koponya= skull; kara= kar= hand; gaura= (hun)gaura= white(hun); drava= (Dráva) folyó= liquid; Buddha= Buda= wise;
Testrészek
Kislovodszk - képek. A kaukázus felett.
Erre is megtalálható a koponyatorzítás, miként a Kárpát-medencében, a Turáni alföld vidékén, vagy Amerikában.
"The Pyatigorsk skull was found at
the excavation site of the Khasaot burial ground in the vicinity of Kislovodsk," says Doctor of Historical Sciences Vladimir Kuznetsov, the author of numerous studies of history of the North Caucasus. The skull is part of culture of the ancient Alani. Approximately, it dates back to the 3rd - 5th centuries A.D.&nbsp;These strange skulls appeared at the same time when the Sarmatian and Alani hordes came around. Some of the nomads moved for the North Caucasus in 15th
century."
Still, it is very strange that the deformed skulls are found in European countries including Norway and France. They are also found in Central Asia, in Central and South America.
A Krim, Sarkel és Üc Tepe (Hármas halom) környékén számos torzított koponya került elő.
Fejformák:
A forma
..és méretük:
"We do not know of any fact which proves that the mere increase of the size
of the brain is tantamount to an advance in mental ability." He pointed out that the famous phrenologist himself, Gall, Anatole France the French novelist, and Gambetta the French statesman, each had a cranial capacity of about 1100 cu. cm. At the other extreme, we have the English writer Dean Jonathan Swift, the English poet Lord Byron, and the Russian novelist Turgeniev, all with a cranial capacity of about 2000 cu. cm. So Weidenreich properly posed the question, "Had Turgeniev really twice the mental ability of Anatole France?"
Gyakori szöveg, hogy Anatole France a kis madár agyával vajon butább volt-e, mint Turgenyev az óriásagyával ?
ARTIFICIAL DEFORMATION
Angol nyelven bár, de rajzokkal elmagyarázzák, hogyan is készülhetett a koponya torzítása...
Érdekességnek - Nagy kövek
Kína környéke
Philippines
"The cave in question lies near Lanang, on the east coast of Samar, on the bank of a river, it is said. It is, as the traveler reports, celebrated in the locality "on account of its depressed gigantic crania, without sutures." "
"Chinese and Korean pottery are said to have been found with the deformed crania. Similar deformations exist in the Celebes, New Britain, etc. Head-shaping has been universal, cf. A. B. Meyer, Ueber Kunstliche deformirte Schaedel von Borneo und Mindanao and ueber die Verbreitung der Sitte der Kunstlichen Schaedeldeformirung, 1881, 36 pp., 4.deg.--Translator.)"
"Public attention was first aroused about thirty years ago concerning skulls from Samar and Luzon, gathered by F. Jagor from ancient caves, to furnish the proof of their deformation. Up to that time next to nothing was known of deformed crania in the oriental island world. First through my publication the attention of J. G. Riedel, a most observant Dutch resident, was called to the fact that cranial deformation is still practiced in the Celebes"
Temetés Kínában
Bajszos kínai, sisakján szárnnyal.
Hunok Kínában
The cemetery is situated on the two high terraces of the eastern suburbs of Loulan.There are many utensils characterized by Han dynasty culture of the middle-lower reachesof the Yellow River among the funerary objects such as brocades, rough silk, silk floss,bronze mirrors, lacquerware, Wuzhu coins, etc. The date of this cemetery is rather late,about 1800 years B.P. (corresponding to the Eastern Han dynasty). Among six skulls from the cemetery five belong to males and one is that of a female. Only one skull shows Mongoloid characteristics and the rest possess clear European characteristics;
elongated and high cranial vaults, narrow nasal aperture, high arched nasal bones, and high orbits. These characteristics are similar to
that of the Saka population of the south Pamir within the former USSR about the sixth century B.C.E. In other words, they are close to that of the East
Mediterranean in morphological character. One female skull with Mongoloid characteristics (such as flat facial skeleton, high and wide face and low nasal projection, broad cranial vault, and so on) differs from the other five male skulls in morphology (Han Kangxin, 1986a).
Közép-Ázsia
... de la culture de la région de Hami (Yanbulak) à l'Asie centrale occidentale (Jaz) ... Plus grave encore, la recherche de la Ur-Heimat, du Ur-Volk, de la ...
8.század
The Turks of the Altai and Tuva in the 7-8 centuries. In southern Siberia Turkic burials of the Second Kaghanat stage are distinguished by several new elements of the material culture: ear-rings of the "Saltovsky type", bronze buckles with plates for belt fastening, iron S-shaped cheek-pieces with cramp, stirrups with lamellar loop on a stem, smooth belt
plates of simple geometric shapes True, an individual buried in the MT-57-XXVI grave (Tuva) containing a mirror of Zin Wang, an iron kettle and a comb was identified as a man26. Sex identification was made on a skull of a bad preservation. The skull is rather gracile, with evidence of heavy lateral deformation.
Szarmata
And, at last, near village Sidelkino (somewhere around here), large scale digs were finished. In the area of about 1000 m2, a settlement of 3-4 centuries has been uncovered. In one of the buildings, a skeleton was found, with a skull deformation typical for the Sarmatians, inhabiting the Middle Volga in those times.
There are about two hundred Ossetian skulls in the Medical Museum of the Azerbaidzhan ... of Khudat near Kuba show extreme artificial cranial deformation.
Fejveszetten
Végre Raskó úrék jó anyagot kapnak a MagnaHungaria2 igazolásához!
GimbUtas, VitaUtas, TeleUtas...:-)
According to old Chinese sources, in the first half of the I millennium AD western regions of Central Asia were inhabited by the tribes of nomad cattle-breeders named "Tele". The comparison of skulls from Ur-Badari with synchronous craniological materials from the foothills and mountains of the Altai has shown that these groups share a similarity. However there are some differences between them. For instance, low cranial index and high value of cranial height unite the series of Ur-Bedari and the one from the Altai foothills and distinguish them from the mountain Altai group. These differences are analogous to those observed between the Teleutian skulls and the ones of other Turkic speaking groups of modern aboriginal population in Southern and Western Siberia.
Andoktól a Kárpátokig
OMSK, RUSSIA - Archaeologists have found a set of elongated skulls buried in Siberia.
But this is not the first time these odd relics have been found. Artificial cranial deformation or artificial deformation of the skull is any practice of intentionally
deforming the skull of a human being.
...és hyksosok:
"Around 1900 BC a group of these Armenian tribesman burst out of their homeland and carved out a powerful empire encompassing Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. Known to the Egyptians as Hiku-Khasu (i.e. Haikaz) and to the classical Greeks as Hyksos, they ruled over Egypt for 150 years -from 1730 BC until their expulsion by a resurgent Egypt in 1580 BC. Under the hawk-nosed Hyksos princes, the entire Semitic world came under the cultural and military dominance of the Armenids. Well disciplined and trained warriors, the Hyksos introduced the horse, and the spoke-wheeled war chariot, bronze and iron weapons and hardware, scale armor and war helmet, the composite bow, a complete calendar, and the building of walled cities fortified by glacis and moat."
Hetek
Hephthalites practised artificial skull deformation [Bichurin, 1950. v. I, p. 366]. Deformed skulls are indeed found in burials in Ferghana. The chronicles of Bejshu and Lanshu describe the burial customs of the Hephthalites. Bejshu in particular says that "the dead coming from rich houses are buried in stone vaults, while the poor ones are buried in pits in the ground" [Bichurin, 1950, v. II, p. 269]. According to the chronicle of Lanshu the Hephthalites had the custom to put their deceased in wooden coffins. As early as at the beginning of the (20th) century K.I. Inostrancev correlated the Chinese evidence with the mugkhonas (burial constructions on the ground made of stones) found in Northern Ferghana [Inostrancev, 1909, p. 16].
Near East
"Nevertheless, wide-scale practice of ACD in the Near East is evident only from the pre-pottery Neolithic B period (ca. 8,300-6,500). Cases of unquestionable ACD were reported from various countries throughout the Middle East: Israel (Kurth, 1981), Syria (Ferembach, 1970), Cyprus (Angel, 1953), (Senyurek, 1951), and Lebanon (Obzek, 1974). According to Menard (1977), artificial deformation of the head appears to have been relatively common also in the European Neolithic. Our study focused on artificial cranial deformation during the prepottery Neolithic B period. The practice of trephination and deforming the human skull in the ancient Middle East is reported in our
study. Both "treatments" seem to have occur during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. After the Neolithic, cranial deformation
became relatively rare with while the frequency of trephination continued and even increased in Roman times."
..még koponyák:
"The earliest evidence of ACD occurs at least forty-five thousand
years ago with the Shanidar I and 5 Neanderthal skulls from Iraq. Anthropologist Erik Trinkaus links this to the earliest evidence of purposeful burial of the dead in a reference I would presume surmises distinct respect in some way or another of those buried with ACD. The earliest reference to ACD occurs with the description by Hippocrates of some people from the
Black Sea region whom he describes as having "an artificial elongation of the head by compression during infancy" and suggests that those with the longest heads were considered the most noble."
SE-Asia
Indonez skull
The same customs are described by Annandale and Robinson in their Fasciculi Malayenses. When a child is born with long head or eidth protuberant forehead it is the duty of the principal midwife to mould with her hands both morning and evening, and to attempt to make it into that short-headed type which is regarded with administration both in parts of Malaya and Siam.
Érdekességnek: a SIAM (Thailand régi neve) jelentése több nyelven "kilenc"(9).
Mint láthatjuk, az egész világon ismert volt a koponyatorzítás, kivéve e keleti hunokat. Ebből is látható, hogy ide Atila őseiként nem Kína környékéről érkeztek a hunok, hanem "európai" hunokat mondunk. Viszont az antropológusok szerint ezekkel az európai hunokkal jelent meg 3000 év után ismét a koponyatorzítás szokása kontinensünkön. Közvetlen előzmény a belső-ázsiai koponyatorzítás, illetve Herodot idejére az már a Kaukázus felett is megjelenik. (Lásd Tauria katakombáit!) Viszont az európai hunok is Kína környékéről érkezhettek részben, ezért feltehetően a koponyatorzítás szokását egy népelem hozta magával később. Mivel a gepidák között a legelterjedtebb szokás, gyaníthatóan velük érkezett Európába. Azért figyeljünk oda, hogy a hunoknál tapasztalható koponyatorzítás nem olyan, mint az alánok torz koponyája. Ezért én az alánokat külön kezelném a hun népektől. Mások voltak....
AUSTRONESIANS
The maritime achievements of the Austronesians have been noted by scholars and other observers for many centuries. The ability of the Micronesians to span out over many largely desolate atolls; of the Polynesians to make voyages over vast stretches of ocean; of the Melanesians to sail with minimal references; and of the Malays and Indonesians to venture thousands of miles over open sea to Madagascar are all great accomplishments that likely preceded similar feats by other peoples....
Linguistic arguments on the existence of Austric influence in India and South Asia can be found on the Austric in India Webpage at site....
Austronesians are admixtures of Austroloids, a group which includes Veddoids, Australians, Negritos and Papuans; with Mongoloids.... Skeletons of the Austroloid type have been found at the Kow Swanif site going back to 8,000 B.C., and some possibly representing this type go to 20,000 to 30,000 B.C. In Sri Lanka, skeletons of this type date back probably to about 12,000 B.C.....
JELLEMZŐK:
Short face (one of the shortest of any group)
High skull
Bulging, pentagonal occiput
Prominent parietal protuberances
Medium cranial capacity
Ellipse-shaped orbit
Mild epicanthic fold ("almond-shaped eyes")
Mild alveolar prognathism (full lower lip with jaw projecting past plane of nose)
Subnasal mesognathism
Mesorrhine (medium broad nose on average)
Concave or concavo-convex nasal profile
Dull or guttered nasal sill
Sacral spot (highest percentages among all groups)
Amerika
Nyilméregbékák érdekességnek
ADENA-HOPEWELL
“The incised line on the forehead and the deep incisions curving down behind the ears may represent portions of a headdress. The holes in the top of the head, if not for attachment, may also have been related to a headdress. The elongated appearance of the head gives the impression of representing skull deformation” (Morgan 1941:387).
The heads of Figurines 16 and 20 show frontal skull deformation. Typically the Hopewell practiced bi-frontal skull deformation. Large hole distention of ear lobes occurs on Figurines 6, 13, and 23. A large curved ornament appears to be inserted in Figurine 13. The ears of Figurine 13 are not pierced. Ear deformation may be restricted to males.
"This ornamental custom was also practiced by north American 'Flat head' tribes of Chinook, Clatshop, and Salishan, as o distinctive mark of aristocracy. Among the Algonquin, such as the black-feet tribe, the hawk nose was of natural birth. So was it also among the Middle American Arawaks and Caribs."
Ancient America
Many strangely "deformed" hominoid skulls have been discovered in Mexico and Peru. One of them, the Starchild skull found in Mexico, is currently the subject of scientific scrutiny and DNA testing. Thirteen crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been found in parts of Mexico, Central America and South America, comprising one of the most fascinating subjects of 20th Century archaeology.
Koponyatorzítás az Andokban:
"During the 5th century A.D., the center of ancient Peruvian civilization shifted from coastal cultures such as the Moche, to high Andes cultures such as the Tiwanaku. On the edge of Lake Titicaca sat the urban settlement of the Tiwanaku."
Zapotek kultúra:
"Bird-Headdressed Urn from Monte Albán Tomb 77. This large vessel was most likely a portrait of a Mayan individual, even with the cranial deformation traditional of Maya élite. The avian headdress may pertain to a deity known as "Ave de Pico Ancho," or the "Wide-beaked Bird." What really brings out the detail in this clay sculpture is the polychromy that has lasted since Monte Albán II. NMAH
Ave de Pico Ancho
This especially large urn better illustrates the origin of our name for the Wide-Beaked Bird deity than the one above. It has been dated to Monte Albán II (100 B.C.E.-200 C.E.), the most critical phase of the city's urban development in both population and architecture. The urn comes from Temple 7 Deer. NMAH"
Afrika
Képeskönyv
A linken egy Medje Mangbetu szobor (fa) látható. A mangbetu nép a mai Szudán területéről érkezett erre az Aba várostól délre eső részre.Lakóhelyüket megkereshetjük a térképen
"A cluster of sites around the Nile Valley show some signs of violence from around 12,000 BCE. The site of Jebel Sahaba, for instance, has a grave containing the bodies of over 50 people who apparently died a violent death. And in south-east Australia, there are some signs of inter-tribal fighting - as well as of other kinds of social violence such as the cranial deformation of children - at several different sites dating from 11,000 and 7000 BCE.
"
Both the circular and the flat headed deformations were practiced formerly in parts of Asia and in some parts of the Pacific
islands. The circular deformation has been known since the time of Herodotus, who called skulls deformed in this fashion "macrocephalic". They were brought to Europe by Asiatic invaders, and are encountered in old burials as far west as France. The Toulousian deformation, practiced until
recently in parts of southern France, was quite likely a remnent of the habit brought there by some of the originally western Asiatic people who accopanied the Goths to that region" (Hrdlikca 1939: 50).
Ha feloldanák a téma titkosítását, sok mindent másképp láthatnánk. A torzított koponyák helye és kora kiadna egy népvándorlást, hiszen az eljárás technikája (meg a vágy, hogy torzíttatni akarok) minden bizonnyal egy adott néphez köthető. Annyi így is látható, hogy az Andoktól Óceánián át és Belső-Ázsián keresztül a Kárpát-medencéig igen elterjedt szokás volt, de Dél-Franciaország területén is még sokáig divatban volt. Észak-Európában és Kína környékén nem találtam nyomát a szokásnak, vagyis arra vagy nem volt, vagy csak kevés ilyen eset..
..ez is Afrika
Tojásfejű lovászlegény - sztélé
Nefertiti
Egyiptom - nem a pápa tiarája
..még Egyiptom
Az ős-ten itt ATEN. Ámen.
Amun worship, exposed as much as possible to the full light of day, as the buildings of Akhetaten show: few roofed
structures, little shade, and constant exposure to Akhenaten's true father as far as he was concerned, not Amunhotep III but
the aten.
Fantasztikus képek.
korunk gyermeke
..már a csecsemő koponyáját is eltorzították. Mangbetu törzs, Afrika.
Hercegnő Afrikából. (Mangbetu)
Koponyatorzítás a Kárpát medencében
"The earliest European evidence was found among the Sarmatian relics of Tirgşor, Wallachia (Romania) and can be dated back to the 3rd century AD. In the European continent it can be regarded as a custom of eastern origin. The first presumable people to conduct artificial cranial deformation were the Alans. The custom was later taken over by the Sarmatians, the Huns, the Lombards, the Thurings, the Burgunds, the Gepids, etc. (1)."
"Artificially deformed skulls have been found in numerous countries of Central and Western Europe (Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, France, etc.), but the greatest amount of such skulls have been found in the today territory of Hungary."
"Most of the deformed skulls, however, derived from 5-6th century Gepid cemeteries in Hungary."
Ó a bulgárok..
Anthropological data collected from medieval Bulgar necropolises from Dobrudja, Crimea and the Ukrainian steppe shows that Bulgars were a high-statured Caucasoid people with a small Mongoloid admixture, and practiced artificial cranial deformation of the round type...From historical point of view the present-day Chuvash and Bulgarians are believed to originate partly from the Bulgars.
Képek is...
Torzszülöttek
"These skulls," says Lund, "show not only the peculiarity of the American race but in an excessive degree, even to the entire disappearance of the
forehead." Sir Robert Schomburgh found on some of the affluents of the Orinoco a tribe known as Frog Indians, whose heads were flattened by Nature, as
shown in newly-born children.
Megjöttek a hunok
The earliest European evidence was found among the Sarmatian relics of Tirgşor, Wallachia (Romania) and can be dated back to the 3rd century AD. In the European continent it can be regarded as a custom of eastern origin. The first presumable people to conduct artificial cranial deformation were the Alans. The custom was later taken over by the Sarmatians, the Lombards, the Thurings, the Burgunds, the Gepids, etc.
Érdekességnek magyarul:
Ezzel szemben figyelemre érdemes, hogy az
évszázados európai manipulációs küzdelmekből jórészt kimaradt kínai tudósok a hunok és a szkíták kultúrájának feltűnő egyezéseire hívják fel a figyelmet. Az
indiai egyetemeken pedig egyértelműen a szkíta-hun-magyar folytonosságot tanítják.
Még nők is..
Tovább haladunk, korban és múzeumban, és már a népvándorláskori leleteket vizsgáljuk. Hun és avar kardok, kerámiák, díszek, és egy csontváz, melyről megtudom, hogy egy torzított koponyás nő csontváza, amely a gizellamajori erőd feltárásakor került elő. Mint kiderül, a koponyatorzítás jellemző volt a hunokra, sőt, más népeknél, így például dél-amerikai törzseknél is bevett szokás volt. Nem jelentett mást, mint hogy a kisgyermek még puha koponyáját körbetekerték és összeszorították, és így a fej az akkori szépségideálnak megfelelően a kívánt formává alakult.
Bulgárok
All of the buried pertain to a single anthropological type - brachiocranic europoids with small Mongoloid admixtures. Specific to the Danube Proto-Bulgarians is also the artificial deformation of the skulls, in some necropolises found in 80% of the material.
A bulgárok Belső-Ázsiában hosszabban időzve értek Európába. Mint ismert, az időszámításunk kezdete körül a világon a legelterjedtebb Belső-Ázsiában volt a koponyatorzítás. It a bulgárok részben megbarátkozhattak ezzel a szokással, részben közéjük kerültek olyan papok, akiknél ez az eljárás természetes volt. Madara.
Hunok
Hun
"There is no basis to treat the discussed artefacts from Lithuania as a proof of direct contacts with the Huns. It is hard to imagine that the distant, inaccessible and relatively poor Balt lands might have been attractive for the nomads who had the rich in gold areas of the Empire within their reach, and the Hun warriors' greed has been broadly
attested in the written sources (Priskos of Panion, Iordanes, Ammianus Marcellinus). Moreover, no clear evidence of the Huns' physical presence in
Lithuania has been found so far. It is worth to stress that even the evidently Hunnic elements from southern Poland such as the bronze kettle from
Jædrzychowice, the burial with a deformed skull from Przemæczany, the gold plates originally covering a reflex bow from Jakuszowice, or the typically Hunnic earring from the hoard of Úwilcza, are interpreted as signs that these regions remained within the sphere of Huns' influence rather than as a proof that they were included into Attilla's state (cf. Godùowski, 1995; Màczyñska,1999).
ARTIFICIAL DEFORMATION OF THE SKULL
..a gothai (Thüringia) program...:-)
"The Greek and Roman writers had mentioned this practice, but it was long totally forgotten by the civilized world, until it was discovered, as an unheard-of wonder, to be the usage among the Carib Islanders, and several Indian tribes in North America. It was afterward found that the ancient Peruvians and Mexicans practised this art: several flattened Peruvian skulls are depicted in Morton's "Crania Americana." It is still in use among the Flat-head Indians of the north-western part of the United States."
"Professor Anders Retzius proved (see "Smithsonian Report," 1859) that the custom still exists in the south of France, and in parts of Turkey."
"The Anglo Saxons, the Swiss, the Scandinavians, the French and the Scythians in Asia practiced skull deformation; Turkic tribes of Avers and Hans considered it a badge of nobility. The ruling classes of the Ottoman Turks were basically Armenid."
KOPONYATORZÍTÁS
"Túl a Maeotis tengeren él egy nép, a »nagyfejuek«, akik mihelyt megszületik gyermekük, és fejük még alakítható, formálni kezdik azt, kényszerítik, hogy hosszában nőjön, kötelékekkel veszik körül és mesterséges eszközöket alkalmaznak, hogy a fej alakját megváltoztassák". Sem Hippokratésznek, sem Hérodotosznak nem adtak hitelt a 19. század derekáig, mindaddig amíg az ásatások során kezdtek előkerülni a "macrocephal"> koponyák. Időközben rájöttek, hogy Közép- és Dél-Amerikában, valamint Franciaország egyes vidékein a huszadik századig élt e szokás. A koponyatorzítást Ázsiában, Afrikában, Dél-Amerikában és a népvándorláskori Európa egyes népei egyaránt végezték. Az ásatások hazánkban is számos torzított koponyát hoztak felszínre, amelyek etnikailag a gepidákhoz, hunokhoz, longobárdokhoz stb. köthetők (Pap 1983, 1984,1985)
A koponyatorzítás szokása a hun népek körében dívott, pl. alánok, gepidák, gótok.. Kínában nem volt jellemző a keleti hunoknál. Ezért a "kutyafejű" hunok az előbb felsorolt népek férfiai...
"Most of the deformed skulls, however, derive from 5-6th century Gepid cemeteries in Hungary."
"Signs of artificial cranial deformation have been found on remains of many other peoples of the same period, e.g.: the Alans, the Goths, the Quads and other Germanic populations (1)."
Csak annyi bizonyos, hogy a koponyatorzítás szokása Iránból érkezett a Kaukázusba (i.e.: 500), ahol máig is fennmaradt. Európába a hunok közvetítésével érkezett, akik Ázsiában egy ideig iráni befolyás alatt álltak.
Koponyatorzítás
"Zhirov (1940) was the first scholar to write a synthesis of cranial modification in ancient Russia. He developed a classificatory system for the
various forms of deformation by associating each type with the features of a modifying apparatus.
Using material accessible to him at the time he described four main varieties of cranial vault modification in eastern Eurasia: occipital, coronal-occipital, occipitalparietal, and circular (Zhirov 1940).
Artificial cranial modification has ancient roots in Eurasia. The earliest cases in the archaeological literature date from the Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1000 BC; Firshtein 1974), among peoples of the Catacomb culture as well as those from southern Turkmenistan."
[Ezek a katakomba sirok később megtalálhatók a Pontus felett és Rómában is..]
"The first instances of cranial modification during the subsequent period are from the early Iron Age and date from 700 to 600 BC. These are found in the Southern Tagisken cemetery, located at the delta of the Syr Darya River east of the Aral Sea area (Fig. 1; Itina & Yablonsky 1997, pp. 73-74). This is within the territory of the earliest state in the Eurasian steppes, Chorasmia."
"Over time, the practice would be commonplace, seen at the Sakar-Chaga cemeteries of northern Turkmenistan (ca. 600 - 400 BC) and eventually throughout the area occupied by the Chorasmian state."
Szarmata koponyatorzítás
"In Transylvania and in Oltenia no remains of the Sarmatians were found. In other areas of present day Rumania, they are numerous: Sarmatian tombs were discovered at 134 different sites. The funeral rite was inhumation. The tombs contain remains of men, women and children. In the tombs of women, jewels were often laid down and in those of children, bells of bronze. Of weapons, there are short swords and daggers. Their pottery, besides typically Sarmatian forms, contain also pieces of the Dacian and of the provincial Roman style. Very characteristic of these tombs is the circular or fronto-occipital deformation of the cranium by a bandage applied in childhood. This was regarded a sign of beauty and distinction. This rite was not practized by the Iazyges."
Vándorok
Mongolia
Bronze Age nomads erected hundreds of megaliths in northern Mongolia, many featuring a mysterious motif that seems to depict flying deer transforming into birds. (Thomas L. Kelly) It's likely that Bronze Age nomads erected these graceful and mysterious megaliths throughout the northern regions of Mongolia and southern Siberia around 1000 B.C.
Napos oldal
In one of the burials (N 1), a round based vessel of a simple closed shape (Fig. 2-19) was found. The pottery is plain. The whole surface of the vessel is ornamented. The design
consists of horizontal insized lines combined with oval prints of a stamp. The design is located by zones. On the bottom of the vessel, there are crossed lines depicting solar symbols (Okladnikov, 1975, p. 122-123).
8.század
The Turks of the Altai and Tuva in the 7-8 centuries. In southern Siberia Turkic burials of the Second Kaghanat stage are distinguished by several new elements of the material culture: ear-rings of the "Saltovsky type", bronze buckles with plates for belt fastening, iron S-shaped cheek-pieces with cramp, stirrups with lamellar loop on a stem, smooth belt
plates of simple geometric shapes
True, an individual buried in the MT-57-XXVI grave (Tuva) containing a mirror of Zin Wang, an iron kettle and a comb was identified as a man26. Sex identification was made on a skull of a bad preservation. The skull is rather gracile, with evidence of heavy lateral deformation.
A mazonok
"Late Sarmatian - the Alan or Shipovskaya cultures, 2nd - 4th century A.D. Late Sarmatian sites were first identified by P.D. Rau, who also associated the Late Sarmatian sites with the historical Alans. At the beginning of the 1st century A.D., the Alans had occupied lands in the northeast Azov Sea area, along the Don. Based on the archaeological material they were one
of the Iranian-speaking nomadic tribes began to enter the Sarmatian area between the middle of the 1st and the 2nd century A.D. The written sources suggest that from the second half of the 1st to 4th century A.D. the Alans had supremacy over the tribal union and created a powerful confederation of tribes. They continued to rule in the North Black Sea steppes until they were invaded by the Huns in the late 4th century A.D. Most of the Alans were absorbed by the Huns while a small number of them fled to
the North Caucasus or went west and reached the shores of Gilbraltar.
One of the most characteristic traits of the Late Sarmatian culture was the
artificial deformation of skulls. This was probably accomplished by tying a soft cloth around the infant's head forcing an elongation of the cranium. This cultural trait was specific to the populations living east of the Don River and included the Southern Ural population. In contrast to the Middle Sarmatian culture, the predominant orientation of the deceased was to the north."
Az alánok elérték a brit szigeteket és a vandálokkal együtt Észak-Afrikát (Gibraltáron át) is. Régészeti nyomaik Moldaviától a Dél-Dunántúlon át a Bécsi-medencéig fellelhetők...
Cranial vault modification as a cultural artifact: a comparison of the Eurasian steppes and the Andes:
This analysis focuses on changes in cranial modification resulting from the conquests of the Huns in Central Asia and the spread of the Tiwanaku state of highland Bolivia.
Zhirov (1940) was the first scholar to write a synthesis of cranial modification in ancient Russia. He developed a classificatory system for the various forms of deformation by associating each type with the features of a modifying apparatus. Using material accessible to him at the time he described four main varieties of cranial vault modification in eastern Eurasia: occipital, coronal-occipital, occipitalparietal, and circular (Zhirov
1940).
Pesti István
2010 oktober 28.