Mágusvilág


ANGERS (Juliomagus) Maine et Loire, France.
Near an important ford on the Maine, Juliomagus is believed to have been the original capital of the tribus Andes, and epitomized the provincial Gallo-Roman city. It was occupied from the 1st c. A.D. to the 4th c. and thereafter in the Merovingian period.

CONTIOMAGUS (Pachten) Saarland, Germany.
On the lower Saar near the mouths of its tributaries the Prims and the Nied. The river crossing of the Metz-Mainz road had been guarded in prehistoric times by a fortification on the nearby Limberg. The castellum was built in the beginning of the 4th c. Its wall, enclosing a rectangular area (133 x 152m), had 16 square towers for defense.

[EBUROMAGUS (Bram) Gallia Narbonensis, Aude, France.
The village was a vicus located at the crossroads of the Roman road from Narbonne (Narbo) to Toulouse (Tolosa) and of a road from the Montagne Noire to the Arige. It already existed in the 2d c. B.C., and must be assimilated to the Cobiomagus referred to by Cicero (Font. 9.19).

ARGENTOMAGUS Indre, France. An oppidum of the Bituriges Cubi and center of the W section of the territory of the civitas that formerly made up Bas-Berry and is now the department of Indre, Argentomagus gave its name to Argenton sur Creuse. However, as the city was transferred from one bank of the Creuse to the other at the end of the Classical period, the ancient site today has hardly been built on at all; the village of Saint Marcel occupies only the NW quarter of it, outside the Gallic rampart. It is the only ancient city in central France of which this is true, hence its exceptional archaeological importance.

AUGUSTOMAGUS (Senlis) Oise, France.
The capital of the civitas of the Silvanectes, it extended along the N bank of the Nonette. Only the amphitheater remains, but the modern city preserves the ring formed by the wall which protected the fortified sector of Augustomagus under the Late Empire.
There appears to have been no Gallic settlement on the site but several neighboring oppida (Gonvieux, Canneville, Le Tremblaye) bear witness to the importance throughout the Iron Age of the path along the left bank of the Oise. And the sanctuary in the forest of Halette N of Senlis, where more than 200 votive sculptures have been found, must have replaced a very ancient cult-site.

CAESAROMAGUS (Beauvais) Oise, France. The capital of the civitas of the Bellovaci. It is not yet known whether Caesaromagus of the ancient itineraries supplanted the city of Bratuspantium, last refuge of the Bellovaci after their defeat by Caesar, or whether it was a city created by the Romans. No trace of the Gallic fortifications has been found at Beauvais, while such remains exist elsewhere in the civitas of the Bellovaci (Vendeuil-Caply, Bailleul sur Thrain), and indeed no vestiges of any kind from the Gallic period have been discovered there.

CASSINOMAGUS (Chassenon) Charente, France.
This commune is crossed by the D 29 road. The present village replaced the Cassinomagus of antiquity, which is mentioned in the Peutinger Table; it grew up beside the great Gallo-Roman monuments that had remained intact, and especially outside what we now know to have been a sacred area, although no texts or inscriptions have come down to us giving precise information. It measured ca. 600 m E-W, ca. 350 m N-S. The wall around this sacred area is still standing to the N and S; the latter section is 450 m long and 2 m high at certain points. Inside the wall were those elements necessary in a rural sanctuary, probably Celtic in tradition

LES BOUCHAUDS (Germanicomagus) Charente, France.
Gallo-Roman theater in the commune of St. Cybardeaux. The site is sometimes referred to as Germanicomagus, a Latin name very similar to that of a statio mentioned in the Peutinger Table and located in the region but not identified. This is an unconfirmed hypothesis. The theater, 23 km from Angoulme, is built against the NW side of a hill dominating the surrounding countrysidea religious hilltop site of the Celtic period. The site contains neither a city nor fortifications; it was a rural sanctuary like Chassenon (Charente) or Sanxay (Vienne).

NOVIOMAGUS REGNENSIUM (Chichester) Sussex, England.
The New Market of the Regnenses grew up in a territory defined by pre-Roman defensive dikes several miles N of the site of the earlier oppidum. The origins of the town are still somewhat obscure, but recent excavations have demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt that the site was first occupied as a military fort during the invasion period following the Roman landing of A.D. 43. Traces of timber buildings and a possible defensive ditch can be ascribed to this initial phase, together with a large number of military bronze fittings. From ca. 45 to 75, after abandonment by the army, the site began to take on an urban appearance with more timber dwellings and the development of a pottery industry producing fine beakers imitating imported Gallo-Belgic types. [Noviomagus több is volt az ókorban...]

ROTOMAGUS (Rouen) Seine-Maritime, France.
A city of Gallia Lugdunensis, on the Seine ca. 50 km from its estuary. The second part (magus) of the Celtic place name indicates that this was a trading post, possibly under the protection of a hypothetical local divinity. From earliest times the site was linked geographically to the Loire and central Gaul by the Seine and Eure waterways, and it was particularly favored by its situation on the ancient axis which, crossing the Channel and following the valley of the Seine, links the British Isles with the territories of the Sane and the Rhne. Little is known of the Gallic occupation of the site, the only evidence being a necropolis on the lowest slopes of the N hills and some scattered finds of potsherds and late coins. The name Rotomagus appears in the texts, including the 2d c. Geography of Ptolemy. Believed to be the capital of the civitas of the Veliocassi, it owed its development to Romanization.

SOMMIRES and VILLEVIEILLE (Vindomagus) Gard, France.
Important pre-Roman and Roman town situated N of the Via Domitiana on the coastal river of the Vidourle, on a secondary road running from Nmes to Lodve. The name of this ancient city of the Volcae Arecomici may have been Vindomagus
..és még egy seregnyi xxxmagus település..

..ahol a mágus nem witch

The use of -magus in Celto-Latin toponymy was equivalent to that of Latin forum; indeed Juliomagus = Forum Julii. Derivatives include Welsh ma 'place' (now only in composition and then in the mutated form fa), Breton ma 'field'; and there is Irish mag(h), with moy 'plain' in place-names. See M. Richards in EC, XIII (1972), 366 ff. Although the compounds and formations like Noviomagus suggest long Latin familiarity with the word, it seems not to have passed (unlike briga, dunum) into Vulgar Latin as a common noun, and has left no Romance descendants....
magu- (a field) [OI mag 'field']

Egyéb kelta települések:

Gall nevek

"Ambarri. - The name Ambarri is probably derived from Ambi-arari, which means `those who dwell on both banks of the Arar', or Saone; and any one who has carefully read Caesar's narrative (i, 10, §5 - 12, §2) will have seen that they dwelt between the Rhone and the Saone. Their neighbours on the south were the Segusiavi and the Allobroges; on the west and north the Aedui; and on the north-east and east the Sequani. Their territory, then, corresponded approximately with the department of the Ain (C.G., pp.365 - 6)."

"Andes. - Their chief town was Juliomagus, or Angers (Ptolemy, Geogr., ii, 8, §8); and their territory corresponded approximately with the diocese of Angers, that is to say, the department of the Maine-et-Loire and part of the Sarthe (C.G., p.370). "

"Arar. - The river Saone."
"Aulerci Eburovices. - The Eburovices occupied the diocese of Evreux, which preserves their name, and which embraces the central and the southern part of the department of the Eure (C.G., pp.393 - 4)."
"Avaricum stood upon the site of Bourges."
"Bituriges. - The Bituriges occupied the diocese of Bourges (Avaricum), which preserves their name, and which included the departments of the Cher and Indre and the north-wester, part of the department of the Allier (C.G., p.400). "
"Nemetes. - The Nemetes are mentioned by Caesar (i, 51, §2) among the tribes who fought in the army of Ariovistus; and he says that the entire army of Ariovistus took part in the campaign (38, §1), and that the few individuals who survived the battle and the retreat recrossed the Rhine (a3, §§1 - 2). If these statements were accurate, the Nemetes who were settled on the left bank round Spires in the time of Pliny "

"Nemetocenna was identical with Nemetacum (Ptolemy, Geogr., ii, 9, §4), which stood upon the site of Arras "
"Tolosates. - The Tolosates possessed that part of the territory of the Volcae Tectosages which corresponded with the ancient diocese of Toulouse (Tolosa), that is to say, the greater part of the department of the Elaute-Vienne and a part of the department of the Gers"
A fennmaradt gall neveket nézve feltűnően sok közöttük a RIX végű név. (Haedui, Nemetes, Helvetii,Goth..) Ebből következtetek, hogy a latin? rex mellett a leggyakoribb király cím a RIX volt. A bojoknál is.. ..akik a legharciasabb, legbátrabb népek közé tartoztak. Sok helyen előfordultak: Görögország, Ukrajna, Pannonia, Duna felső folyása mentén, Itália, Galliában több helyen is.. sőt, mintha a Kisázsia területén is megfordultak volna..

Gers "A Gers folyó bal partján található hegy köré épült. Az ausci keltibér törzs fővárosa, a római Galliában Elimberris néven vált ismertté, a kereszténység felvétele után Novempopulani fővárosa lett. 732-ben a várost a mór fosztogatás elől áttelepítették a folyó túlsó partjára, jelenlegi helyére. A középkorban Armagnac hercegének székhelye... "

A térképet böngészve Andorrától nyugatra ilyen nevek is találhatók, mint: Naut-Aran (Arran: sziget a skótoknál) és Boi... Számomra úgy tűnik, hogy a vallásos magyarok már a kelta időkben elzarándokoltak a lourdesi szűzhöz.

Pesti István 2008. aug

Nyitóoldal